RIM 21(3): Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities responses to changes in the management by AZTI

2014 Mikel Zubikarai Angel Borja I帽igo Muxika

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina

21(3)

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities responses to changes in the management of anthropogenic pressures in the Basque coast

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities

Zubikarai, N., Borja, A., and Muxika, I., 2014. Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities responses to changes in the management of anthropogenic pressures in the Basque coast. Revista de Investigación Marina, AZTI-Tecnalia, 21(3): 40-88

La serie ‘Revista de Investigación Marina’, editada por la Unidad de Investigación Marina de Tecnalia, cuenta con el siguiente Comité Editorial:

Editor:

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Dr. Lorenzo Motos Dr. Adolfo Uriarte Dr. Michael Collins Dr. Javier Franco D. Julien Mader Dña. Marina Santurtun D. Victoriano Valencia Dr. Xabier Irigoien Dra. Arantza Murillas Dr. Josu Santiago

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Edición: 1.ª Octubre2014 © AZTI-Tecnalia ISSN: 1988-818X Unidad de Investigación Marina Internet: www.azti.es Edita: Unidad de Investigación Marina de Tecnalia Herrera Kaia, Portualdea 20110 Pasaia Foto portada: © Iñigo Onandia © AZTI-Tecnalia 2014. Distribución gratuita en formato PDF a través de la web: www.azti.es/RIM

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M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities responses to changes in the management of anthropogenic pressures in the Basque coast Mikel Zubikarai1, Angel Borja and Iñigo Muxika Abstract The need to find efficient indices and indicators to assess the status of the marine enviroment and prevent further deterioration of coastal areas is one of the hot topics in today’s marine research. However, a detailed knowledge of benthic communities’ responses to anthropogenic impacts is essential to develop those indices. The studies on the response of benthic communities to sewage pollution and the management measures to remove that pollution on rocky shores are generally based on semiquantitative data and do not take into account both intertidal and subtidal levels. In order to fulfil this gap, the objetives of this study were: (i) to analyse the responses of benthic communities (both fauna and flora) to different phases in the management of wastewater discharges; and (ii) to determine wether if trophic guilds could be an adequate indicator of the changes shown after different management decisions. Hence, fauna and flora data from a quantitative (biomass) monitoring from three areas of the Basque coast were used, with organisms identified to the lowest taxonomic level, with information at intertidal (midlittoral and infralittoral fringes) and subtidal (5, 15 and 25 m) levels. After the different phases on the water treatment management (with or without treatment), investigation results show that the improvement in water quality significantly changed the structure and diversity of intertidal and subtidal assemblages. In fact, those differences were detected by the improvement in some univariate variables mean values, like richness. In turn, significant (p <0.05) differences were also found in fauna and flora biomass between tidal levels, transects, trophic guilds and evolution of the management phases. Moreover it has been found that, changes in trophic guilds and multivariate analyses seem to be an adequate way to monitor benthic hard substratum communities responses to changes in the management of anthropogenic pressures in the Basque coast. Hence, the evaluation of these changes in benthic communities may be useful to inform managers and the society in general about the effectiveness of these indices and indicators. Key words: benthic communities, hard substratum, recovery, sanitation, biomass, diversity, richness, wastewater treatment. Resumen La necesidad de encontrar índices e indicadores eficientes para evaluar el estado del medio marino y así evitar un mayor deterioro de las zonas costeras es uno de los temas de actualidad en la investigación marina. Sin embargo, un conocimiento detallado de las respuestas de las comunidades bentónicas a la presión antropogénica es esencial para desarrollar dichos índices. Los estudios sobre la respuesta de las comunidades bentónicas a la contaminación de aguas residuales y las medidas de gestión para eliminar esa contaminación en las costas rocosas se basan generalmente en datos semicuantitativos y no suelen contemplar diferentes niveles intermareales y submareales. Teniendo esto en cuenta, los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (i) analizar las respuestas de las comunidades bentónicas (tanto la fauna como la flora) en diferentes fases de la gestión de la descarga de aguas residuales; y (ii) determinar si los grupos tróficos podrían ser un indicador adecuado de los cambios que se muestran en las diferentes fases en dicha gestion. Para ello, se utilizaron datos cuantitativos (biomasa) de la fauna y flora en el seguimiento de tres áreas de la costa vasca, con organismos identificados hasta el nivel taxonómico más bajo, en las zonas intermareal (mediolitoral e infralitoral) y submareal (5, 15 y 25 m). Después de las diferentes fases en la gestión del tratamiento del agua (con o sin tratamiento), se puede observar en los resultados que la mejora en la calidad del agua cambió de manera significativa la estructura

1 A ZTI-Tecnalia; Marine Research Division; Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n 20110 Pasaia (Basque Country, Spain). E-mail: bimipa@gmail.com

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities y la diversidad tanto a nivel intermareal como submareal. De hecho, estas diferencias se detectaron mediante la mejora en los valores medios de algunas variables univariantes, como la riqueza. A su vez, también se encontraron diferencias significativas (p <0.05) en la biomasa de la fauna y flora entre los niveles de marea, transectos, grupos tróficos y la evolución en las fases de gestión. De esta manera, los cambios en los grupos tróficos y los analisis multivariantes parecen ser una forma adecuada para supervisar los cambios en las comunidades bentónicas de sustrato duro ante cambios en la gestión de las presiones antropogénicas en la costa vasca. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de estos cambios en las comunidades bentónicas puede ser útiles para informar a los administradores y la sociedad en general acerca de la efectividad de estos índices e indicadores. Palabras clave: comunidades bentónicas, sustrato duro, recuperación, saneamiento, biomasa, diversidad, riqueza, tratamiento de aguas residuales.

Introduction Half of the world’s population lives along the coastline and consequently the habitats located in those areas are under great human pressure (Halpern et al., 2008). As such, that biodiversity and ecological processes on coastal ecosystems are severely threatened (Törnroos et al., 2013). Sewage discharges are among the most common anthropogenic impacts on rocky shores, causing organic and nutrient enrichment, pollution, water turbidity and high siltation rates (Terlizzi et al., 2005; Azzurro et al., 2010). These discharges include a great variety of toxic contaminants from agricultural, industrial and urban activities (Little et al., 2010). Drastic changes in the patterns of distribution of marine assemblages in time and space have been reported worldwide as a consequence of sewage discharges (Tewari and Joshi, 1988; Roberts et al., 1998; Smith et al., 1999). Under the stress of pollution, the shift in community structure is frequently parallelled by a decline in diversity, especially in macrobenthic communities (Fairweather, 1990; Munda, 1993; Díez et al., 2010). These detrimental conditions may reduce species richness (Wear and Tanner 2007), causing assemblages to be dominated by just a few species (Roberts et al., 1998) and altering their overall structure (Terlizzi et al., 2002). However, faunal and flora stress level from sewage discharge can vary considerably depending on effluent treatments and flow rates (Del Pilar Ruso et al., 2010), as well as on the physical environmental conditions in which the effluent is discharged (Pastorock and Bylard 1985). The Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) was established to protect the environment from the adverse effects of sewage discharges within the European Union. In this sense, great strides have been made in controlling urban wastewaters in terms of the proportion of population connected to sanitation systems and the technology involved (e.g., Díez et al., 2013). With this in mind, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) seeks to prevent further deterioration of the European coastal waters by evaluating the ecological status of all water bodies. However, restoration of degraded habitats does not end with the construction of treatment infrastructures: the success or failure of these actions in terms of improving the ecological structure and functioning

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of the restored habitat must also be assessed (Chapman, 1999; Borja et al., 2010). For coastal areas, within the WFD, this evaluation should be based on both physicochemical and biological elements such as phytoplankton, macroalgae, benthic macrofauna and seagrasses (Borja et al., 2009). Among these ecosystem components, and for rocky habitats, benthic invertebrates and macroalgae are considered powerful indicators of marine pollution due to their sedentarism, long lives, easy sampling, and to the existence of extensive literature on their distribution in specific environments and on their response to different environmental stresses (Littler and Murray, 1975; Terlizzi et al., 2002; Arévalo et al., 2007; Bustamante, 2013). However, the studies on the response of benthic communities to sewage pollution and the management measures to remove that pollution on rocky shores are generally based on semiquantitative data (i.e. different scales of cover), do not take into account both intertidal and subtidal levels, and tend to study fauna and flora separately (Terlizzi et al., 2002; Bustamante, 2013). In the case of the Basque Country, there are some long-term series (13 years) of benthic data allowing fulfilling this gap: environmental studies of Mompás coastal area and Oiartzun estuary (Muxika et al., 2014) and monitoring studies in Atalerreka (Belzunce et al., 2012). Hence, the objectives of this study were: (i) to analyse the responses of rocky benthic communities (both fauna and flora, using quantitative biomass data) to different phases in the management of wastewater discharges, at intertidal and subtidal levels, from three studied locations; and (ii) to determine wether if trophic guilds could be an adequate indicator of the expected changes shown after different management decisions.

Materials and Methods Study area and management phases The area of study includes the Gipuzkoa coast, in the eastern part of the Basque Country (Figure 1). Untreated wastewater from Donostia-San Sebastián and Pasaia were discharged into Oiartzun and Urumea´s estuaries until 1970’s. In 1970 Urumea´s outfall was built to collect the discharges from Urumea estuary; and in 1996, San Pedro´s outfall (cala Murgita) was

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika built to collect the discharges from Oiartzun estuary. In 2001, the Mompás submarine outfall was built, diverting wastewater from Urumea outfall, and discharging it without treatment. In 2006, Mompás wastewaters physic-chemical and biological treatment started at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Loiola. Finally, in 2007, San Pedro´s outfall waters were also treated at this WTP and discharged through the Mompás submarine outfall. Currently, this submarine outfall serves a population of 628,000 inhabitants, and has an average flow of 150,000 m3 day-1. In addition, in the Hondarribia coastal area, the elimination of discharges from Bidasoa estuary started in 1998. In 2000, the untreated discharges were diverted to the Atalerreka submarine outfall (Figure 1). In 2003, the WTP was completed and all discharges were biologically treated. Currently, this WTP serves a population of 88,000 inhabitants, with an average flow of 29,575 m3 day-1.

Study locations and sampling design Within this zone, wave action is predominantly from the northwest. The coast is delimited by moderate to high cliffs (20-150 m) (Pascual et al., 2004). Tides are semidiurnal and the maximum range during spring tides is 4.5 m. Mean water

surface temperature ranges between 12ºC in February and 22ºC in August (Valencia et al., 2004). Three locations were selected for the study: two in the coastal area between Donostia-San Sebastian and Pasaia, and one in Hondarribia coastal area (Figure 1). These locations were studied independently. In the coastal area between Donostia-San Sebastian and Pasaia, two transects were set from intertidal to subtidal zone: Urumea outfall (Urumea) and San Pedro outfall (cala Murgita). Five sampling sites were located along those transects, two in the intertidal (midlittoral and infralittoral fringes) and three in the subtidal zone (5, 15 and 25 m depth). In those locations, 28 surveys were carried out over the period 19972012, in summer. In Urumea, 12 surveys were conducted after discharges were diverted to Mompás submarine outfall (20012012). Nevertheless, in cala Murgita, 5 surveys were undertaken when wastewaters were discharged without treatment (19972001), 5 surveys were conducted when Murgita was only used like overflow tank (2002-2006) and 6 surveys (2007-2012) were undertaken when discharges were diverted to Mompás submarine outfall (Figure 2). Additionally, in Hondarribia coastal area, three parallel transects were set for Atalerreka: one control (BA), one near from the point of discharge (BB), and the last one (BC) to the

Figure 1. M ap of the study area showing the selected locations: coastal area between Donostia-San Sebastian and Pasaia (1), and Hondarribia coastal area (2).

Figure 2. Evolution of the wastewaters management phases and sampling period for Atalerreka (A), Urumea (U) and Murgita (M).

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities east, in the direction of main currents in the area. In this case, 3 sampling sites were located along those transects, one in the intertidal zone and two more in the subtidal zone (5 and 15 m depth). One survey was carried out before discharges started (1999), 4 surveys were conducted while wastewaters were discharged without treatment (2001-2003) and, finally, 10 surveys were conducted once wastewaters received treatment before discharging (2004-2013) (Figure 2). All surveys were undertaken in winter, except that of 1999 (summer). Samples (0.25 m2) were collected by scuba-diving in subtidal zones. In the intertidal zone the samples were collected directly in low tide (surface of 0.063 m2). All samples were taken by totally scraping off the rocks in order to collect both the motile and sessile biota. Taxonomic identification was mostly carried out at the species level, but in some difficult groups the identification was at family level or even higher taxonomic categories (Annex 1). Finally, all organisms were counted and specific dry-weigth biomass was estimated (after drying at 80ºC for 24h).

Statistical analysis Samples were named using a combination of sampling area, year of sampling transect and depth (e.g., A-1999BA5). In order to study the trends in the composition of the communities close to Urumea, Murgita and Atalerreka, data from the three areas were treated separately. Biomass data were used along the study to avoid loosing colonial species information, including fauna and flora. In adition, information about higher taxonomic groups (genus, family, order, class and phylum) was aggregated to species using World Register of Marine Species (http://www.marinespecies.org accessed June 2014). When identification was provided at family level or even higher taxonomic categories, lower taxonomic categories are named using the same taxonomic name followed by the abbreviation of the taxon (e.g., Acanthonotozomatidae sp., Acanthonotozomatidae gn.)(Annex 1). This way, possible mistakes including the information of species at the database were avoided. Data were plotted showing straightforward univariate measures using DIVERSE function from the PRIMER software package, developed by Clarke and Warwick (1994): the total number of species (S), Pielou´s evenness (J´) and Shannon diversity (H´). The main goal of these univariate measures, besides providing a detailed initial inventory of the area studied, is to simplify the interpretation of the information by highlighting possible patterns, gradients and trends. Spatiotemporal patterns of species richness, diversity and evenness were examined by regressions and also using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Statgraphics software. Then, multivariate analysis of the data was carried out using PRIMER. Analyses of multivariate differences in community structure are able to detect impact at an ecological relevance level of organization and therefore are of special utility in environmental impact assessment (Underwood, 1993; Hewitt et al., 2005). Information of the sampling year, season, area, depth and transect was added to each sample. Since the

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biological information available consisted of the biomass data, in order to downweight the influence of the more abundant taxa, log (X+1) preliminary transformation was considered necessary (Clarke and Warwick, 2001). After performing a resemblance matrix, samples were represented by hierarchical classification and ordination techniques based on Bray-Curtis similarity. Dendrograms in the cluster analysis were represented after selecting the groupaveraging linkage option. Species contributions to similarity between groups and discriminating groups (SIMPER) were also included. In addition, species were aggregated into functional groups (Annex 1), following different literature (Fauchald and Jumars, 1979; Craft and Sacco, 2003; Fanelli et al., 2009; DeLa-Ossa-Carretero et al., 2012; Cabral-Oliveira et al., 2014; Guerra-García et al., 2014) in order to examine changes in the community trophic guilds biomass. The trophic approach can provide indirect information on the physical variables of the environment, as variations in the relative abundance of each strategy might respond to changes in the environmental conditions (natural or anthropogenic) (Roth and Wilson, 1998). Species biomass data were examined by multivariated analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statgraphics software. The factors considered were: year, season, tidal level, location, trophic guilds and the management phases (without discharge, overflow tank, discharge without treatment and discharge with treatment). The statistically significant level was established at alpha = 0.05.

Results The three locations showed a significant increase of species richness over studied time (Figure 3a; Table 1). Nevertheless, the values obtained from evenness and diversity showed a wide variation, not seeing any evolution or trend with time (Figures 3b and 3c; Table 1). On the other hand, analysis of variance to compare mean values of species richness with three different levels in the evolution of the discharge of wastewaters, showed significant differences in the case of Murgita. Nevertheless, simple ANOVA did not detect significant differences between the species richness and the management phases for Atalerreka (Table 2). Regarding to evenness and diversity after discharges removal, in both variables there was an initial rapid increase, then a small decline, followed by a progressive increase towards stabilization (Figure 3). However, statistically no differences were found between the evolution of the management phases and evenness or diversity (Table 3). Samples represented by hierarchical classification and ordination techniques based on Bray-Curtis similarity showed principal differences between sampling depths (Figures 4 and 5). Hence, cluster and MDS analyses were carried out for each tidal level.

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Table 1: Simple ANOVA results comparing values of species richness with time. *p < 0.05. Species Richness

Urumea

Model

Sum of Squares

Regression

Mean Square 14470.50 392.97

Residual

3929.74

Total

18400.25

Species Richness

14470.50

Sig. 36.823

0.0001*

Murgita

Model

Sum of Squares

Regression

Mean Square

19095.01

Residual

11882.73

848.7670

Total

30977.75

Species Richness

Sig. 22.497

0.0003*

Atalerreka

Model

Sum of Squares 1

Regression Residual Total

Mean Square

2938.53

4454.32

371.19

7392.85

Sig. 7.916

0.0156*

Table 2. Simple ANOVA results comparing values of species richness with the evolution of the management phases (groups) in Atalerreka and Murgita. *p <0.05. Atalerreka Model Between groups Within groups Total

Sum of Square 2321.22 5071.64 7392.86

Murgita df 2 11 13

Mean Square 1160.61 461.058

F 2.52

Sig. 0.1258

Sum of Square 15903.1 15074.7 30977.7

df 2 13 15

Mean Square 7951.54 1159.59

F 6.86

Sig. 0.0093*

Table 3. Simple ANOVA results comparing values of Pielou´s evenness or Shannon diversity with the management phases. ANOVA Atalerreka-Shannon´s * Atalerreka-Management phases Model Between groups Within groups Total

Sum of Square 0.1164 3.1897 3.3061

df 2 11 13

Mean Square 0.0582 0.2900

F 0.20

Sig. 0.8211

ANOVA Atalerreka-Pielou´s * Atalerreka- Management phases Fuente Between groups Within groups Total

Sum of Square 0.0140 0.0665 0.0806

df 2 11 13

Mean Square 0.0070 0.0060

F 1.16

Sig. 0.3487

F 0.47

Sig. 0.6369

ANOVA Murgita-Pielou´s * Murgita- Management phases Fuente Between groups Within groups Total

Sum of Square 0.0209 0.2902 0.3110

df 2 13 15

Mean Square 0.0104 0.0223

ANOVA Murgita-Shannon´s * Murgita-Management phases Fuente Between groups Within groups Total

Sum of Square 0.7156 13.6881 14.4037

df 2 13 15

Mean Square 0.3578 1.0529

F 0.34

Sig. 0.7181

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities

Figure 3. (a) Species richness, (b) PielouÂ´s evenness and (c) ShannonÂ´s diversity trends with time in the three studied locations.

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M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika

Figure 4. M urgita samples dendrogram showing differences between tidal levels and MDS classification based on Bray-curtis similarity.

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities

Figure 5. Atalerreka and Urumea samples dendrogram based on Bray-curtis similarity showing differences between tidal levels.

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M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Cluster classification for Urumea detected two groups at the infralittoral fringe: the first year (2001, group A) on one side, and the next ones (2002-2012, group B) on the other side (Figure 6a). The same pattern was observed in MDS analysis (Figure 6b). The SIMPER procedure identified 12 taxa as the most important in differentiating assemblages located at group A from those at group B. The analysis showed that species like Mytilus edulis, Jania rubens and Balanus sp. disappear completely from group A to group B, while appear others like Perforatus perforatus, Patella intermedia, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Caulacanthus ustulatus and Chthamalus sp. (Table 4). Regarding Atalerreka, cluster classification detected five groups at 15 m sublittoral zone. First, the composition of the groups did not show any continuity; even more, some samples fron years 2001 and 2013 are in the same group.. Secondly there were not differences between control (BA) and the remainder transects (BB and BC). Moreover, no differences were observed between the summer (1999) and winter samples at this depth

(Figure 7). SIMPER analysis showed that the species which best explain the difference between groups in group A were Cystoseira baccata, Echinaster sepositus and Lithophyllum incrustans. In group B Gelidium corneum, Mesophyllum lichenoides and L. incrustans were the most common species (Tables 5 and 6). However, the main species in group C were M. lichenoides, Pterosiphonia complanata and Peyssonnelia atropurpurea. Finally, in the case of Murgita, cluster classification revealed 6 groups at 15 m sublittoral zone: group A (19992001, 2004), group B (2002), group C (2003), group D (2005, 2009), group E (2006) and group F (2007, 2008, 2010-2012) (Figure 8). Nevertheless, The MDS plot does not show clear effects with time. SIMPER analysis showed that the main species in group A were Verruca stroemia, Bittium reticulatum and Nassarius incrassatus. On the other hand, in group F Mesophyllum lichenoides, Pterosiphonia complanata, Lithophyllum incrustans, Nassarius incrassatus and Gelidium corneum were the most common species (Table 7). The main

Figure 6. a ) Urumea infralittoral fringe dendrogram. Two groups (factors) were identified using SINPROF test (1000 permutations; 999 simulations) in cluster classification based on Bray-curtis similarity. b) Urumea infralittoral fringe MDS classification based on Bray-curtis similarity.

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Table 4. S IMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values between Urumea groups A and B in contributions from the most important taxa. The taxa included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 1%. Urumea

Groups A & B

Average dissimilarity = 65.63

Group A

Group B

Species

Av.Abund.

Mytilus edulis

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

6.6

7.69

Contrib.%

Cum.%

7.38

11.71

11.71 20.97

Perforatus perforatus

5.19

6.07

3.91

9.26

Patella intermedia

4.83

5.4

2.77

8.23

29.2

Mytilus galloprovincialis

4.44

5.1

4.45

7.78

36.98

3.99

4.65

7.38

7.09

44.06

2.95

3.3

1.39

5.02

49.09

Balanus sp. Caulacanthus ustulatus Chthamalus sp.

2.9

3.26

1.25

4.97

54.06

Mytilaster minimus

3.59

3.17

2.69

4.83

58.89

Jania rubens

2.51

2.92

7.38

4.46

63.35

Lithophyllum incrustans

5.71

4.98

2.06

1.72

3.13

66.48

Lithophaga aristata

3.46

2.08

1.77

1.09

2.7

69.18

Ellisolandia elongata

5.31

6.8

1.7

3.07

2.59

71.77

Figure 7 A talerreka 15 m sublittoral zone dendrogram. Five groups (A, B, C, D, E) were identified using SINPROF test (1000 permutations; 999 simulations) in cluster classification based on Bray-curtis similarity.

difference between those groups was the increase on those species indicated in group F (Table 8). The relative abundance of the trophic guilds of the community showed temporal differences between years only in Urumea, while, no differences were found between years for Atalerreka and Murgita (Figure 9). Therefore, regarding to Urumea, cluster classification revealed 5 groups with time (Figure 10). Initially, trophic groups like suspension feeders, deposit feeders and predators nearly represented the entire community; nevertheless in recent years, omnivores, grazers

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and predators play a more important role (Table 9). Finally, ANOVA detected significant differences in the species biomass between tidal level, transect, trophic guilds and management phases. However, no differences were detected between biomass and season (Table 10).

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Table 5. S IMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis similarity values between Atalerreka clusters broken down into contributions from each species; species are ordered in decreasing order of contribution. The species included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 4%. ATALERREKA

Group C

Average similarity: 40.43 Species

Av.Abund.

Mesophyllum lichenoides

Av.Sim. 3.81

Sim./SD

13.38

Contrib.% 3.1

Cum.% 33.1

33.1

Pterosiphonia complanata

0.95

2.93

3.13

7.25

40.34

Peyssonnelia atropurpurea

1.33

2.59

1.06

6.41

46.75

Cliona celata

1.21

2.32

0.86

5.74

52.49

Halopteris filicina

0.84

1.9

0.77

4.7

57.18

Bittium latreillii

0.74

1.68

0.92

4.16

61.34

Hymeniacidon perlevis

1.08

1.64

0.57

4.05

65.39

ATALERREKA

Group B

Average similarity: 41.05 Species

Av.Abund.

Gelidium corneum

Av.Sim. 3.65

Sim./SD

11.44

Contrib.% 1.99

Cum.%

27.88

Mesophyllum lichenoides

3.27

10.4

1.99

25.34

53.22

Lithophyllum incrustans

2.89

7.09

1.26

17.27

70.49

Plocamium cartilagineum

0.96

2.05

0.99

4.99

75.48

ATALERREKA

Group A

Average similarity: 35.32 Species Cystoseira baccata Lithophyllum incrustans Echinaster sepositus Halopteris filicina

Av.Abund.

Av.Sim.

Sim./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

3.15

11.33

1.43

32.08

2.1

6.34

1.23

17.96

50.04

2.2

5.13

0.59

14.53

64.57

1.36

3.68

0.94

10.43

Figure 8. M urgita 15 m sublittoral zone dendrogram. Six groups (factors) were identified using SINPROF test (1000 permutations; 999 simulations) in cluster classification based on Bray-curtis similarity.

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Table 6. SIMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values between Atalerreka groups in contributions from the most important taxa. The taxa included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 3%. ATALERREKA

Groups B & C

Average dissimilarity = 72.87

Group b

Species

Av.Abund.

Group c Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Gelidium corneum

3.65

0.36

6.79

2.46

9.32

Lithophyllum incrustans

2.89

0.22

5.46

1.67

7.5

16.81

Echinaster sepositus

0.63

1.13

2.82

0.87

3.87

20.69

Peyssonnelia atropurpurea

0.23

1.33

2.8

1.11

3.84

24.53

Mesophyllum lichenoides

3.27

3.81

2.76

1.38

3.79

28.31

Cliona celata

0.26

1.21

2.56

1.08

3.52

31.83

Hymeniacidon perlevis

0.22

1.08

2.18

1.01

34.83

ATALERREKA

Groups A & B

Average dissimilarity = 75.11

Group a

Group b

Species

Av.Abund.

Gelidium corneum

0.74

Cystoseira baccata Mesophyllum lichenoides

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

3.65

6.88

3.15

1.1

1.06

3.27

Echinaster sepositus

2.2

Lithophyllum incrustans Halopteris filicina

Contrib.%

Cum.%

9.16

5.92

1.6

7.89

17.05

5.82

1.73

7.74

24.79

0.63

4.82

1.08

6.42

31.21

2.1

2.89

4.18

1.42

5.57

36.78

1.36

0.31

2.81

1.23

3.74

40.52

ATALERREKA

Groups A & C

Average dissimilarity = 81.94

Group a

Group c

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Cystoseira baccata

3.15

7.19

2.05

8.77

Mesophyllum lichenoides

1.06

3.81

6.72

1.92

8.2

16.97

2.2

1.13

4.8

1.19

5.86

22.83

Echinaster sepositus Lithophyllum incrustans Peyssonnelia atropurpurea Cliona celata

52 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

2.1

0.22

4.48

1.42

5.46

28.29

0.05

1.33

2.98

1.06

3.63

31.92

1.21

2.84

1.06

3.47

35.39

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Table 7. S IMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis similarity values between Murgita clusters broken down into contributions from each species; species are ordered in decreasing order of contribution. The species included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 2%. MURGITA

Group A

Average similarity: 35.32 Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Sim.

Sim./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Verruca stroemia

1.58

9.08

2.17

25.71

Bittium reticulatum

1.44

7.42

1.69

21.01

46.72

Nassarius incrassatus

1.14

6.91

2.55

19.56

66.29

Ocenebra erinaceus

0.41

1.8

1.18

5.1

71.38

Caryophyllia inornata

0.84

1.44

0.3

4.09

75.48

Hiatella arctica

0.48

1.27

0.65

3.61

79.08

Lithophyllum incrustans

0.78

0.99

0.26

2.79

81.87

Sabellaria spinulosa

0.38

0.92

0.61

2.61

84.49

Lysidice ninetta

0.28

0.88

0.8

2.48

86.97

0.2

0.85

1.04

2.4

89.37

Rissoa parva MURGITA Average similarity: 48.91 Species

Group F Av.Abund.

Av.Sim.

Sim./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Mesophyllum lichenoides

4.77

10.75

2.89

21.98

Pterosiphonia complanata

3.68

8.95

21.41

18.29

40.28

Lithophyllum incrustans

2.24

3.97

1.38

8.11

48.39

Nassarius incrassatus

1.56

3.94

5.94

8.05

56.43

Gelidium corneum

2.42

2.66

0.68

5.44

61.88

Bittium latreillii

1.48

2.12

0.85

4.33

66.2

Asparagopsis armata

0.76

1.32

2.85

2.69

68.9

Cryptopleura ramosa

0.77

1.28

2.17

2.61

71.51

Ocenebra erinaceus

0.75

1.25

1.86

2.55

74.06

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 53

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities

Figure 9. MDS analysis based on Bray-curtis similarity computed for trophic guilds evolution at the three sampled sites.

54 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Table 8. SIMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values between Murgita groups in contributions from the most important taxa. Only the most significant comparisons are shown. The taxa included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 3%.. MURGITA

Groups A & B

Average dissimilarity = 87.00

Group A

Species

Av.Abund.

Lithophyllum incrustans Ellisolandia elongata Verruca stroemia

Group B Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.% 2.09

Cum.%

0.78

3.76

12.55

14.42

2.57

10.79

5.69

12.4

26.82

1.58

6.46

2.52

7.42

34.25

Bittium reticulatum

1.44

5.84

1.92

6.72

40.96

Nassarius incrassatus

1.14

4.72

2.59

5.42

46.39

Balanus sp.

1.15

4.66

0.5

5.35

51.74

Caryophyllia inornata

0.84

3.68

0.64

4.23

55.97

MURGITA Average dissimilarity = 78.04

Group A

Groups A & C

Species

Av.Abund.

Group C Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Bittium reticulatum

1.44

4.48

6.6

3.25

8.46

Sabellaria spinulosa

0.38

2.33

4.25

3.66

5.44

13.9

Cryptopleura ramosa

0.02

1.82

3.86

13.34

4.94

18.84

Marthasterias glacialis

1.72

3.71

11.2

4.75

23.59

Nassarius pygmaeus

0.25

1.79

3.37

2.38

4.32

27.91

Rhodymenia pseudopalmata

0.06

1.46

3.01

7.53

3.86

31.77

MURGITA Average dissimilarity = 64.44

Group C

Groups C & D

Species

Av.Abund.

Bittium reticulatum Mesophyllum lichenoides

Group D Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

4.48

2.05

4.05

2.4

6.28

1.84

2.9

2.47

4.5

10.78

Marthasterias glacialis

1.72

2.81

8.09

4.36

15.14

Dictyota dichotoma

0.81

1.87

2.79

1.34

4.32

19.46

Nassarius pygmaeus

1.79

0.32

2.38

10.83

3.69

23.15

Rhodymenia pseudopalmata

1.46

0.09

2.23

4.58

3.47

26.62

MURGITA

Groups C & E

Average dissimilarity = 69.25

Group C

Group E

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Lithophyllum incrustans

4.57

5.75

8.3

Cutleria multifida

4.06

5.1

7.36

15.66

Mesophyllum lichenoides

3.29

4.13

5.97

21.63

Plocamium cartilagineum

2.45

3.08

4.44

26.07

Zanardinia typus

2.44

3.06

4.42

30.49

Cellepora pumicosa

2.32

2.91

4.2

34.69

Sabellaria spinulosa

2.33

0.06

2.86

4.13

38.82

MURGITA

Groups A & F

Average dissimilarity = 83.36

Group A

Species

Av.Abund.

Mesophyllum lichenoides Pterosiphonia complanata

Group F Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

4.77

9.87

3.3

11.84

0.14

3.68

7.25

5.34

8.69

20.54

Gelidium corneum

0.34

2.42

4.49

1.29

5.39

25.92

Lithophyllum incrustans

0.78

2.24

3.82

1.54

4.59

30.51

Verruca stroemia

1.58

0.06

3.13

2.25

3.75

34.26

1.48

3.13

1.4

3.75

38.01

Bittium latreillii

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 55

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Table 9. S IMPER results showing the Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values between Urumea clusters broken down into contributions from each trophic groups, which are ordered in decreasing order of contribution. The trophic guilds included have values exceeding an arbitrarily chosen contribution value of 1%. Urumea

Groups A & B

Average dissimilarity = 35.76

Group A

Group B

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Suspension feeder, Predator

6.7

9.27

25.91

Deposit feeder

6.05

8.37

23.42

49.33

Suspension feeder, Deposit feeder

4.64

6.42

17.95

67.28

Suspension feeder

8.61

11.46

3.94

11.02

78.3

Predator, Omnivore

5.42

2.83

3.59

10.03

88.33

Predator

5.81

4.23

2.18

6.1

94.42

Urumea

Groups B & C

Average dissimilarity = 26.57

Group B

Group C

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Omnivore

4.52

6.03

22.68

Predator, Omnivore

2.83

6.74

5.22

19.65

42.33

Suspension feeder, Predator

2.99

3.99

15.02

57.35

Scavenger

2.38

3.17

11.95

69.29

Predator

4.23

6.11

2.51

9.44

78.73

Herbivore

3.13

4.86

2.31

8.71

87.44

Grazer

3.87

5.42

2.07

7.8

95.24

Group C

Group D

Urumea Average dissimilarity = 24.20

Groups D & C

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Suspension feeder, Predator

2.99

9.72

6.47

4.55

26.73

Omnivore

4.52

4.34

22.26

17.92

44.65

Deposit feeder

2.91

2.79

7.99

11.55

56.2

Suspension feeder

11.78

14.14

2.46

0.83

10.16

66.35

Scavenger

2.38

0.48

1.82

1.78

7.51

73.86

Grazer

5.42

7.3

1.8

1.34

7.45

81.31

Herbivore

4.86

6.08

1.41

1.42

5.82

87.13

Predator Omnivore

6.74

7.54

1.25

2.26

5.18

92.31

Urumea

Groups D & E

Average dissimilarity = 19.66

Group D

Group E

Species

Av.Abund.

Av.Diss.

Diss./SD

Contrib.%

Cum.%

Suspension feeder, Predator

9.72

3.4

5.73

3.69

29.18

Suspension feeder

14.14

16.69

3.52

2.32

17.9

47.07

Detritivore

1.87

1.66

1.73

8.45

55.53

Herbivore

6.08

4.79

1.62

1.42

8.26

63.79

Predator, Omnivore

7.54

9.21

1.62

1.27

8.22

72.02

Omnivore

1.75

1.57

1.64

80.02

Grazer

7.3

8.49

1.44

1.37

7.32

87.34

Suspension feeder, Deposit feeder

0.4

0.59

0.72

0.74

3.68

91.02

56 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika

Figure 10. U rumea infralittoral fringe trophic guilds dendrogram. Five groups were identified using SINPROF test (1000 permutations; 999 simulations) in cluster classification based on Bray-curtis similarity. Table 10. B iomass ANOVA results testing the effect of season, tidal level, transect, trophic guilds and management phases on faunal biomass. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Sum of Squares

Mean Square

Sig.

COVARIABLE Depth Management phases

7.77692 1.52196

1 1

7.77692 1.52196

31.08 6.08

0.0000*** 0.0137*

PRINCIPAL EFFECTS A:Transect B:Season C:Trophic guild RESIDUAL TOTAL

4.71856 0.07986 1329.52 905.25 2270.56

5 1 13 3618 3639

0.94371 0.07986 102.271 0.25021

3.77 0.32 408.75

0.0021** 0.5721 0.0000***

Discussion Despite the differences in the management actions taken within each of the three studied locations, all of them show a significant increase in species richness. This increase could be related to the removal of discharges or its complete biological treatment. Hence, in recent years the benthic communities seem to reach some stability in terms of richness few years after treatment completion: (i) around 170 species, after 2010, in Urumea (treatment completed in 2001); (ii) around 150 species, after 2009, in Murgita (completed in 2007); and (iii) around 100 species, after 2009, in Atalerreka (completed in 2003). In turn, despite the absence of trends in diversity and evenness with time, both variables show multiple changes in their values, which seems to be related to management phases at the three locations although not being statistically significant.

In fact, when the discharges end, the benthic communities showed the same pattern of change, but taking place at different times. Hence, after discharges removal, there was an initial rapid increase in diversity, then a small decline, followed by a progressive increase towards stabilization, following the successional stages within Pearson and Rosenberg’s (1978) model for the recovery of bentic ecosystems. The extent to which marine assemblages are affected by sewage discharges varies from little or no impact to major changes (Pastorock and Bylard, 1985). Recovery of assemblages after the closure of sewage outfalls is documented, but signs of recovery may vary depending on management measures taken (e.g. physic-chemical and/or biological treatment), the response variables and habitats analysed (Archambault et al., 2001), or may not be detected at all (Underwood and Chapman, 1996). In fact, the recovery of different ecosystem components after restoration can extend from months to decades, depending on the intensity and duration of the previous pressure (Borja et

Revista de Investigación Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 57

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities al., 2010; Verdonschot et al., 2013). So that, when comparing the management phases with changes in different variables, initially relations could not be found since these changes may occur later than expected. In fact, other studies suggested that species richness can change significantly under continuous disturbance pressure, whereas slightly altered conditions may change species diversity more slowly (Díez et al., 2012; Bevilacqua et al., 2012). In addition, ANOVA results, comparing species richness with the management phases, show that there is a significant relationship in Murgita, but not in Atalerreka. Some reasons for these differences can be: (i) the discharge in Atalerreka is 6 times lower than in Murgita; and (ii) the wave energy in Atalerreka is much higher than in Murgita (Galparsoro et al., 2012). Both factors contribute to a higher dilution of the discharges in Atalerreka comparing to Murgita, making difficult to find differences between the management phases. Although the discharges in the studied area occur at different levels (in the low intertidal zone in Urumea and at 15 m deep in Atalerreka and Murgita), the response of the communities was studied at different intertidal and subtidal zones (midlittoral, infralittoral, 5, 15 and 25 m), looking for common patterns within the three locations. In Urumea, most of the symptoms of recovery after the discharge removal occurred at the infralittoral fringe and 5 m water depth but improvement evidences were also recorded in all the other investigated sampling depths. On one hand, regarding to changes at species level in Urumea, the main difference between groups is due to the dominance of species like mussels, barnacles and cirripedes, being all of them species feeding on particles. The highest presence in the intertidal area (midlittoral and infralittoral fringes) of Patellidae (herbivorous gastropods) and Chthamalidae barnacles (suspension feeders) could be related to decreasing environmental stress values. In fact, this has been observed by Tablado et al. (1994) and Mettam (1994). As intense disturbances cause major regressions in organisms capable of forming horizons (Clark, 1992), the removal of such pressure will promote the increase of those species, as recorded in the studied area. On the other hand, regarding to trophic guilds in Urumea, trophic groups’ diversity increases with time. Hence, in general, before waste treatment, the most dominant guilds are depositand suspension-feeders, which indicate a large amount of available organic matter in suspension, probably coming from the discharges. In turn, the increase of omnivores and predators after waste treatment, and a more equitable distribution of trophic groups in that phase, indicate a healthier ecosystem functioning and, as such, an improvement in the quality of the environment (Bremner et al., 2006). In Murgita, as expected, most of the symptoms of recovery after the mitigation treatment occurred at 15 m water depth. According to Borja et al. (2004) the eastern Basque coast (Gipuzkoa) presents homogenous vegetation composed mainly of extensive beds of G. corneum, extending from 0 to 10-15 m water depth. However, when untreated discharge is present,

58 | Revista de Investigación Marina, 2014, 21(3)

species of cirripedes as Verruca stroemia and gastropods as Nassarius incrasatus and Bittium reticulatum dominate. This dominance of V. stroemia is present in Halopteris filicina community, in which fauna consists of a cover of this Cirripedia. But this community appears in water depths ranging from 25 to 50 m (Borja et al., 2000). So its presence at 15 m could be promoted by an increase in organic matter, as these animals are suspension feeders. The same fact could occur with the presence of the scavenger gastropod N. incrasatus. Nevertheless, when the discharge ended, G. corneum community started to recover. In fact, species like G. corneum, M. lichenoides, P. complanata and Lithophyllum incrustans take a more important role while Cirripedia and gastropod decrease. In Atalerreka, like in Murgita, most of the symptoms of recovery after the mitigation treatment occurred at 15 m water depth. According to changes at species level, even when there was no discharge, C. baccata community dominates the middle sublittoral. In unpolluted habitats C. baccata, Laminaria ochroleuca and Gelidium corneum were found (Borja et al., 2004). Borja et al. (2000) described, for example, the L. ochroleuca-C. baccata community at the western Basque coast, from 5 to 20 m water depth. After the start of the discharge, C. baccata begins to disappear, being replaced by G. corneum and Mesophyllum lichenoides. Species with high quality environmental requirements, such as Cystoseira tamariscifolia, C. baccata, Bifurcaria bifurcata, G. corneum, Gigartina pistillata and Laurencia obtusa, deteriorate rapidly when pollution increases (Díez et al., 1999). Finally, after applying discharge treatment, M. lichenoides and Pterosiphonia complanata become dominant. It has been noted in other studies that these species showed a positive relationship with pollution, incorporating a wider range of sedimentation and wave exposure levels (Borja et al., 2004). Last but not least, general multivariate ANOVA detected significant differences in the species biomass between tidal levels, transects, trophic guilds and management phases. Therefore, in general, the changes occurred at each sampling location are related to the different management phases of discharges. As conclusion, it seems that the different management phases of the wastewater discharges within the eastern part of the Basque coast, can be detected by some univariate variables (e.g. species richness), being more difficult to be detected by diversity or evenness. In turn, changes in trophic guilds and multivariate analyses seem to be an adequate way to monitor and assess these changes and to inform managers and the society in general.

Weaknesses and future research Some authors have highlighted the difficulty of obtaining adequate data to study the responses of hard-bottom benthic communities (Pagola-Carte, 2004). Hence, by gathering information on abiotic variables (physical and chemical data), the interpretation of biological responses to human induced

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika changes would be better explained. The establishment of reliable monitoring networks will facilitate the comprehension on natural spatiotemporal variability of assemblages, which in turn, is essential to accurately assess human environmental impacts in the marine environment. The lack of previous data before the three discharges started, together with the especial circumstance of no suitable controls founded, complicated the interpretation of the results. If those problems could be overtaken, these datasets can provide a powerful tool for additional studies on human impacts on benthic communities and their recovery.

Acknowledgements We are very grateful for the permission of using these data to ‘Servicios de Txingudi S.A.’, ‘Aguas del Añarbe’ and ‘Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa’. This study was part of the final master work of M. Zubikarai, during a stage of three months in AZTI-Tecnalia. The comments from two reviewers (José G. Rodríguez and Joxe Mikel Garmendia) have improved the first version of the manuscript. This is research paper number 681 from the Marine Research Division (AZTI-Tecnalia).

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Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Applications, 15: 942-953. Little, C., G.A. Williams, C.D. Trowbridge. 2010. The Biology of Rocky Shores, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 352 pp. Littler, M.M., S.N. Murray. 1975. Impact of sewage on the distribution, abundance and community structure of rocky intertidal macroorganisms. Marine Biology, 30: 277-291. Mettam, C. 1994. Intertidal zonation of animals and plants on rocky shores in the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary – the northern shores. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 51: 123-147. Munda, I.M. 1993. Changes and degradation of seaweed stands in the Northern Adriatic. Hydrobiologia, 261: 239-253. Muxika, I., Á. Borja, J. Franco, J.M. Garmendia, V. Valencia, I. Zorita. 2014. Estudio ambiental de la zona costera de Mompás y de los estuarios de los ríos Oiartzun y Urumea (año 2013). Informe final elaborado por AZTI-Tecnalia para el Dpto. de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, y para Aguas del Añarbe. 152 pp.+Anexos. Pagola-Carte, S. 2004. ABC method and biomass size spectra: what about macrozoobenthic biomass on hard substrata. Hydrobiologia, 527: 163-176. Pascual, A., A. Cearreta, J. Rodriguez-Lázaro, A. Uriarte. 2004. Geology and palaeoceanography. In: Borja, A., Collins, M. (Eds.), Oceanography and Marine Environment of the Basque Country. Elsevier Oceanography series 70, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 53-73. Pastorock, R.A., G.B. Bylard. 1985. Effects of sewage pollution on coralreef communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 21: 175-189. Pearson, T.H., R. Rosenberg. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review, 16: 229-311. Roberts, D.E., A. Smith, P.A. Ajani, A.R. Davis. 1998. Rapid changes in encrustring marine assemblages exposed to anthropogenic pointsource pollution: a ‘Beyond BACI’ approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 163: 213-224. Roth, S., J.G. Wilson. 1998. Functional analysis by trophic guilds of macrobenthic community structure in Dublin Bay, Ireland. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 222: 195-217. Smith, A., P.A. Ajani, D.E. Roberts. 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages exposed to sewage and implications for management. Marine Environmental Research, 47: 241-260. Tablado, A., J.J. López Gappa, N.H. Magaldi. 1994. Growth of the pulmonate limpet Siphonaria lessoni (Blainville) in a rocky intertidal area affected by a sewage pollution. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 175: 211-226. Terlizzi, A., S. Fraschetti, P. Guidetti, F. Boero. 2002. The effects of sewage discharge on shallow hard substrate sessile assemblages. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44: 544-550. Terlizzi, A., L. Benedetti-Cecchi, S. Bevilacqua, S. Fraschetti, P. Guidetti, M.J. Anderson. 2005. Multivariate and univariate asymmetrical analyses in environmental impact assessment: a case study of Mediterranean subtidal sessile assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 289: 27-42. Tewari, A., H.V. Joshi. 1988. Effect of domestic sewage and industrial effluents on biomass and species diversity of seaweeds. Botanica Marina, 31: 389-397. Törnroos, A., M.C. Nordström, E. Bonsdorff. 2013. Coastal Habitats as Surrogates for Taxonomic, Functional and Trophic Structures of Benthic Faunal Communities. PLoS ONE, 8 (10): e78910. Underwood, A.J. 1993. The mechanisms of spatially replicated sampling programmes to detect environmental impact in a variable word. Australian Journal of Ecology, 18: 99-116. Underwood, A.J., M.G. Chapman. 1996. Subtidal assemblages on rocky reef at liff-face sewage outfall (north Head, Sydney, Australia): What happened when the outfall was turned off?. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 33: 293-302. Valencia, V., J. Franco, Á. Borja, A. Fontán. 2004. Hydrography of the southeastern Bay of Byscay. In: Borja, A., Collins, M. (Eds.), Oceanography and Marine Environment of the Basque Country.

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M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Annex 1. Hard bottom species recorded in the study area, listed in alphabetical order. Each specie contais taxonomic identification and trophic traits (trophic guild). When identification was provided at family level or even higher taxonomic categories, lower taxonomic categories are named using the same taxonomic name followed by the abbreviation of the taxon (e.g., Acanthonotozomatidae sp., Acanthonotozomatidae gn.). Each trophic guild has an identification number in brackets. Specie

Genus

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Trophic guild

Abludomelita gladiosa

Abludomelita

Melitidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Acanthochitona crinita

Acanthochitona

Acanthochitonidae

Chitonida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Acanthochitona fascicularis

Acanthochitona

Acanthochitonidae

Chitonida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Acanthonotozomatidae sp.

Acanthonotozomatidae gn.

Acanthonotozomatidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Acasta spongites

Acasta

Archaeobalanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Achaeus cranchii

Achaeus

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Achaeus gracilis

Achaeus

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Achelia echinata

Achelia

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Achelia hispida

Achelia

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Achelia sp.

Achelia

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Achelia vulgaris

Achelia

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Acrochaetium sp.

Acrochaetium

Acrochaetiaceae

Rhodymeniophycidae

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Acrosorium ciliolatum

Acrosorium

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Acteonidae sp.

Acteonidae gn.

Acteonidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Actinia equina

Actinia

Actiniidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Actiniaria sp.

Actiniaria gn.

Actiniaria fm.

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Actinothoe sphyrodeta

Actinothoe

Sagartiidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Adalaria sp.

Adalaria

Onchidorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Adamsia carciniopados

Adamsia

Hormathiidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Aegires punctilucens

Aegires

Aegiridae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Aegires sp.

Aegires

Aegiridae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Aetea anguina

Aetea

Aeteidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aetea truncata

Aetea

Aeteidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia octodonta

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia parvula

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia picardi

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia pluma

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia sp.

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia tubiformis

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaophenia tubulifera

Aglaophenia

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aglaothamnion cordatum

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion feldmanniae

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion gallicum

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion hookeri

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion pseudobyssoides

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion sp.

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aglaothamnion tenuissimum

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 61

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Aglaothamnion tripinnatum

Aglaothamnion

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Alcyoniidae sp.

Alcyoniidae gn.

Alcyoniidae

Alcyonacea

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Alcyonium sp.

Alcyonium

Alcyoniidae

Alcyonacea

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Alpheus dentipes

Alpheus

Alpheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Alpheus glaber

Alpheus

Alpheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Alpheus sp.

Alpheus

Alpheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Alvania beanii

Alvania

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Alvania cancellata

Alvania

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Alvania cimex

Alvania

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Alvania sp.

Alvania

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Amakusanthura iberica

Amakusanthura

Anthuridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Amathia lendigera

Amathia

Vesiculariidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Amathia pruvoti

Amathia

Vesiculariidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Amathia sp.

Amathia

Vesiculariidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Amblyosyllis formosa

Amblyosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Amblyosyllis madeirensis

Amblyosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Amblyosyllis sp.

Amblyosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Ammothella longioculata

Ammothella

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Ammothella longipes

Ammothella

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Ampelisca rubella

Ampelisca

Ampeliscidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ampelisca sp.

Ampelisca

Ampeliscidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ampharete finmarchica

Ampharete

Ampharetida

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Amphibalanus amphitrite

Amphibalanus

Balanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Amphiglena mediterranea

Amphiglena

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Amphilochus neapolitanus

Amphilochus

Amphilochidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Amphilochus spencebatei

Amphilochus

Amphilochidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Amphipholis squamata

Amphipholis

Amphiuridae

Ophiurida

Ophiuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Amphitrite cirrata

Amphitrite

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Amphitrite johnstoni

Amphitrite

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Amphitrite sp.

Amphitrite

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Amphitritides sp.

Amphitritides

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Ampithoe helleri

Ampithoe

Ampithoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Ampithoe ramondi

Ampithoe

Ampithoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Ampithoe sp.

Ampithoe

Ampithoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Ampithoidae sp.

Ampithoidae gn.

Ampithoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Anapagurus chiroacanthus

Anapagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Anapagurus hyndmanni

Anapagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Anapagurus laevis

Anapagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Anapagurus sp.

Anapagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Anchialina agilis

Anchialina

Mysidae

Mysida

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Anemonia sulcata

Anemonia

Actiniidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Anemonia viridis

Anemonia

Actiniidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Anomia ephippium

Anomia

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Anomia sp.

Anomia

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Anomiidae sp.

Anomiidae gn.

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

62 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Anoplocopea crestata

Anoplocopea

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Anoplodactylus angulatus

Anoplodactylus

Phoxichilidiidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Anoplodactylus petiolatus

Anoplodactylus

Phoxichilidiidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Anoplodactylus pygmaeus

Anoplodactylus

Phoxichilidiidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Anoplodactylus virescens

Anoplodactylus

Phoxichilidiidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Anotrichium furcellatum

Anotrichium

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antennella secundaria

Antennella

Halopterididae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Antho sp.

Antho

Microcionidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Anthohebella parasitica

Anthohebella

Hebellidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Anthozoa sp.

Anthozoa gn.

Anthozoa fm.

Anthozoa or.

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Anthura gracilis

Anthura

Anthuridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Anthuridae sp.

Anthuridae gn.

Anthuridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Antithamnion amphigeneum

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnion cruciatum

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnion densum

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnion pectinatum

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnion sp.

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnion villosum

Antithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella boergesenii

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella elegans

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella multiglandulosa

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella sp.

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella spirographidis

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Antithamnionella ternifolia

Antithamnionella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Anurida maritima

Anurida

Neanuridae

Hexapoda

Collembola

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Aonides oxycephala

Aonides

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aonides paucibranchiata

Aonides

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aora gracilis

Ahora

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aora sp.

Ahora

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aora spinicornis

Ahora

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aora typica

Ahora

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aoridae sp.

Aoridae gn.

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aphelochaeta marioni

Aphelochaeta

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Aphelochaeta sp.

Aphelochaeta

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Apherusa bispinosa

Apherusa

Calliopiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Apherusa jurinei

Apherusa

Calliopiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Apherusa ovalipes

Apherusa

Calliopiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Apherusa sp.

Apherusa

Calliopiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Aplidium punctum

Aplidium

Polyclinidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aplidium sp.

Aplidium

Polyclinidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aplysia punctata

Aplysia

Aplysiidae

Anaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Aplysia sp.

Aplysia

Aplysiidae

Anaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 63

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Aplysilla rosea

Aplysilla

Darwinellidae

Dendroceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aplysilla sp.

Aplysilla

Darwinellidae

Dendroceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Aplysinidae sp.

Aplysinidae gn.

Aplysinidae

Verongida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Apocorophium acutum

Apocorophium

Corophiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Apoglossum ruscifolium

Apoglossum

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Apohyale prevostii

Apohyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Apseudes talpa

Apseudes

Apseudidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Arabella iricolor

Arabella

Oenonidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Arca noae

Arca

Arcidae

Arcoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Arca tetragona

Arca

Arcidae

Arcoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Arcidae sp.

Arcidae gn.

Arcidae

Arcoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Arenicolides branchialis

Arenicolides

Arenicolidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Ascidia mentula

Ascidia

Ascidiidae

Phlebobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ascidia sp.

Ascidia

Ascidiidae

Phlebobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ascidiacea sp.

Ascidiacea gn.

Ascidiacea fm.

Ascidiacea or.

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Asclerocheilus intermedius

Asclerocheilus

Scalibregmatidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Ascophora sp.

Ascophora gn.

Ascophora

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Asparagopsis armata

Asparagopsis

Bonnemaisoniaceae

Bonnemaisoniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Aspidosiphon muelleri

Aspidosiphon

Aspidosiphonidae

Aspidosiphonida

Phascolosomatidea

Sipuncula

Omnivore (8)

Astacilla bocagei

Astacilla

Arcturidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Astacilla monodi

Astacilla

Arcturidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Astacilla sp.

Astacilla

Arcturidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Astartidae sp.

Astartidae gn.

Astartidae

Carditoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Asterina gibbosa

Asterina

Asterinidae

Valvatia

Asteroidea

Echinodermata

Omnivore (8)

Asteroidea sp.

Asteroidea gn.

Asteroidea fm.

Asteroideaor.

Asteroidea

Echinodermata

Predator (22)

Atelecyclus rotundatus

Atelecyclus

Atelecyclidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Athanas nitescens

Athanas

Alpheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Axinella polypoides

Axinella

Axinellidae

Halichondrida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Axinella verrucosa

Axinella

Axinellidae

Halichondrida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Balanophyllia sp.

Balanophyllia

Dendrophylliidae

Scleractinia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Balanus crenatus

Balanus

Balanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Balanus sp.

Balanus

Balanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Balanus trigonus

Balanus

Balanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Balssia gasti

Balssia

Palaemonidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Bangia atropurpurea

Bangia

Bangiaceae

Bangiales

Bangiophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Barentsia discreta

Barentsia

Barentsiidae

Coloniales or.

Coloniales

Entoprocta

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Barentsia gracilis

Barentsia

Barentsiidae

Coloniales or.

Coloniales

Entoprocta

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Barleeia unifasciata

Barleeia

Barleeiidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Beania magellanica

Beania

Beaniidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Berthella plumula

Berthella

Pleurobranchidae

Pleurobranchomorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Bicellaria biciliata

Bicellaria

Bugulidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bicellariella ciliata

Bicellariella

Bugulidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bifurcaria bifurcata

Bifurcaria

Sargassaceae

Fucales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bispira volutacornis

Bispira

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bittium latreillii

Bittium

Cerithiidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

64 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Bittium reticulatum

Bittium

Cerithiidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Bivalvia sp.

Bivalvia gn.

Bivalvia fm.

Bivalvia or.

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Blidingia minima

Blidingia

Kornmanniaceae

Ulvales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Boccardia polybranchia

Boccardia

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Boccardia proboscidea

Boccardia

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Boccardia sp.

Boccardia

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Boergeseniella fruticulosa

Boergeseniella

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Boergeseniella thuyoides

Boergeseniella

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bonnemaisonia asparagoides

Bonnemaisonia

Bonnemaisoniaceae

Bonnemaisoniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bonnemaisonia hamifera

Bonnemaisonia

Bonnemaisoniaceae

Bonnemaisoniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bornetia secundiflora

Bornetia

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bougainvillia

Bougainvilliidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bougainvillia muscus

Bougainvillia

Bougainvilliidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bougainvilliidae sp.

Bougainvilliidae or. Bougainvilliidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bowerbankia gracilis

Bowerbankia

Vesiculariidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Brachiopoda sp.

Brachiopoda gn.

Brachiopoda fm.

Brachiopoda or.

Brachiopoda cl.

Brachiopoda

Brachyura sp.

Brachyura gn.

Brachyura

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Branchiomaldane sp.

Branchiomaldane

Arenicolidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Branchiomaldane vincenti

Branchiomaldane

Arenicolidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Branchiomma bombyx

Branchiomma

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Branchiomma sp.

Branchiomma

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Branchiosyllis sp.

Branchiosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Brania arminii

Brania

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Brania pusilla

Brania

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Brania sp.

Brania

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Brongniartella byssoides

Brongniartella

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bryopsis cupressina

Bryopsis

Bryopsidaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bryopsis hypnoides

Bryopsis

Bryopsidaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bryopsis plumosa

Bryopsis

Bryopsidaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bryopsis sp.

Bryopsis

Bryopsidaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Bugula neritina

Bugula

Bugulidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bugula sp.

Bugula

Bugulidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Bunodactis rubripunctata

Bunodactis

Actiniidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Buskia nitens

Buskia

Buskiidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Caberea boryi

Caberea

Candidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cadlina laevis

Cadlina

Cadlinidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cadlina sp.

Cadlina

Cadlinidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cadlinidae sp.

Cadlinidae gn.

Cadlinidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Calliblepharis ciliata

Calliblepharis

Cystocloniaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Calliblepharis jubata

Calliblepharis

Cystocloniaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Calliostoma sp.

Calliostoma

Calliostomatidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Calliostoma zizyphinum

Calliostoma

Calliostomatidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Callipallene emaciata

Callipallene

Callipallenidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Herbivore (10) Photoautotroph (1) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 65

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Callithamniella tingitana

Callithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Callithamnion corymbosum

Callithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Callithamnion granulatum

Callithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Callithamnion sp.

Callithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Callithamnion tetragonum

Callithamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Callochiton septemvalvis

Callochiton

Callochitonidae

Chitonida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Callophyllis laciniata

Callophyllis

Kallymeniaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Calothrix crustacea

Calothrix

Rivulariaceae

Nostocales

Cyanophyceae

Cyanobacteria

Campanularia hincksii

Campanularia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Campecopea hirsuta

Campecopea

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Campecopea lusitanica

Campecopea

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Capitella capitata

Capitella

Capitellidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Capitellidae sp.

Capitellidae gn.

Capitellidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Caprella acanthifera

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella danilevskii

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella equilibra

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella fretensis

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella liparotensis

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella penantis

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Caprella sp.

Caprella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Capulus ungaricus

Capulus

Capulidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Carpomitra costata

Carpomitra

Sporochnaceae

Sporochnales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Caryophyllia inornata

Caryophyllia

Caryophylliidae

Scleractinia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Caryophyllia smithii

Caryophyllia

Caryophylliidae

Scleractinia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Caulacanthus ustulatus

Caulacanthus

Caulacanthaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Caulleriella alata

Caulleriella

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Caulleriella bioculata

Caulleriella

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Caulleriella sp.

Caulleriella

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cellaria salicornioides

Cellaria

Cellariidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cellepora pumicosa

Cellepora

Celleporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cellepora sp.

Cellepora

Celleporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Celleporina sp.

Celleporina

Celleporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Centroceras clavulatum

Centroceras

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cephalaspidea sp.

Cephalaspidea gn.

Cephalaspidea fm.

Cephalaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Ceramiales sp.

Ceramiales gn.

Ceramiales fm.

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium botryocarpum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium ciliatum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium cimbricum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium diaphanum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium echionotum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium pallidum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium secundatum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium shuttleworthianum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium sp.

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

66 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Ceramium tenerrimum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceramium virgatum

Ceramium

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ceratonereis costae

Ceratonereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Ceratonereis hircinicola

Ceratonereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Ceratonereis sp.

Ceratonereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Cerithiopsidae sp.

Cerithiopsidae fm.

Cerithiopsidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cerithiopsis minima

Cerithiopsis

Cerithiopsidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cerithiopsis sp.

Cerithiopsis

Cerithiopsidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cerithiopsis tubercularis

Cerithiopsis

Cerithiopsidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cerithium sp.

Cerithium

Cerithiidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cestopagurus timidus

Cestopagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Chaetomorpha linum

Chaetomorpha

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chaetopteridae sp.

Chaetopteridae gn.

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chaetopteris plumosa

Chaetopteris

Sphacelariaceae

Sphacelariales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chaetopterus variopedatus

Chaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Champia parvula

Champia

Champiaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chartella papyracea

Chartella

Flustridae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chartella tenella

Chartella

Flustridae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chauvetia brunnea

Chauvetia

Buccinidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Detritivore (29)

Cheilostomatida sp.

Cheilostomatida gn. Cheilostomatida fm.

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chlamys sp.

Chlamys

Pectinidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chondracanthus acicularis

Chondracanthus

Gigartinaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chondracanthus teedei

Chondracanthus

Gigartinaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chondria coerulescens

Chondria

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chondria sp.

Chondria

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Chondrilla nucula

Chondrilla

Chondrillidae

Chondrosida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chondrillidae sp.

Chondrillidae gn.

Chondrillidae

Chondrosida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chondrosia reniformis

Chondrosia

Chondrillidae

Chondrosida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chone collaris

Chone

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chone sp.

Chone

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chorizopora brongniartii

Chorizopora

Chorizoporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chrysallida interstincta

Crysallida

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Chrysallida terebellum

Crysallida

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Chthamalus sp.

Chthamalus

Chthamalidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chthamalus stellatus

Chthamalus

Chthamalidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Chylocladia verticillata

Chylocladia

Champiaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ciona intestinalis

Ciona

Cionidae

Phlebobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cirolana cranchi

Cirolana

Cirolanidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Cirolana sp.

Cirolana

Cirolanidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Cirratulidae sp.

Cirratulidae gn.

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cirratulus cirratus

Cirratulus

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cirratulus sp.

Cirratulus

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cirriformia chrysoderma

Cirriformia

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 67

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Cirriformia tentaculata

Cirriformia

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cladophora albida

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora dalmatica

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora hutchinsiae

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora laetevirens

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora lehmanniana

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora pellucida

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora socialis

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladophora sp.

Cladophora

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cladostephus spongiosus

Cladostephus

Cladostephaceae

Sphacelariales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Clathria ascendens

Clathria

Microcionidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clathria sp.

Clathria

Microcionidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clathrina coriacea

Clathrina

Clathrinidae

Clathrinida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clavelina lepadiformis

Clavelina

Clavelinidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clavelina sp.

Clavelina

Clavelinidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cliona celata

Cliona

Clionaidae

Hadromerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clytia gracilis

Clytia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clytia hemisphaerica

Clytia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clytia linearis

Clytia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Clytia sp.

Clytia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cochlodesma praetenue

Cochlodesma

Periplomatidae

Anomalodesmata

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Codium adhaerens

Codium

Codiaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Codium decorticatum

Codium

Codiaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Codium tomentosum

Codium

Codiaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Codium vermilara

Codium

Codiaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Colomastix pusilla

Colomastix

Colomastigidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Colpomenia peregrina

Colpomenia

Scytosiphonaceae

Scytosiphonales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Compsothamnion decompositum

Compsothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Compsothamnion gracillimum

Compsothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Compsothamnion sp.

Compsothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Compsothamnion thuyoides

Compsothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Corallina officinalis

Ellisolandia

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Corophium sp.

Corophium

Corophiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Corynactis viridis

Corynactis

Corallimorphidae

Corallimorpharia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Coryne eximia

Coryne

Corynidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Coryne muscoides

Coryne

Corynidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Coryne pusilla

Coryne

Corynidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Coryne sp.

Coryne

Corynidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cradoscrupocellaria reptans

Cradoscrupocellaria Candidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crassostrea gigas

Crassostrea

Ostreidae

Ostreoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cribrilina sp.

Cribrilina

Cribrilinidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crimora papillata

Crimora

Polyceridae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Crisia aculeata

Crisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crisia denticulata

Crisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

68 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Crisia eburnea

Crisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crisia ramosa

Crisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crisia sp.

Crisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Crisilla semistriata

Crisilla

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Crouania attenuata

Crouania

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Crouania sp.

Crouania

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cruoria pellita

Cruoria

Cruoriaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cruoria sp.

Cruoria

Cruoriaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cryptopleura ramosa

Cryptopleura

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cryptosula pallasiana

Cryptosula

Cryptosulidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ctenodrilus serratus

Ctenodrilus

Ctenodrilidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cucumaria sp.

Cucumaria

Cucumariidae

Dendrochirotida

Holothuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cumella pygmaea

Cumella

Nannastacidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Cuthona sp.

Cuthona

Tergipedidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Cutleria multifida

Cutleria

Cutleriaceae

Cutleriales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Cyanobacteria sp.

Cyanobacteria gn.

Cyanobacteria fm.

Cyanobacteria or.

Cyanobacteria cl.

Cyanobacteria

Cyanophyceae sp.

Cyanophyceae gn.

Cyanophyceae fm.

Cyanophyceae or.

Cyanophyceae

Cyanobacteria

Cyclostomatida sp.

Cyclostomatida gn.

Cyclostomatida fm.

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Cymodoce robusta

Cymodoce

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Cymodoce sp.

Cymodoce

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Cymodoce truncata

Cymodoce

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Cystoseira baccata

Cystoseira

Sargassaceae

Fucales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dasya hutchinsiae

Dasya

Dasyaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dasya ocellata

Dasya

Dasyaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dasya sp.

Dasya

Dasyaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Decapoda (larva)

Decapoda gn.

Decapoda fm.

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Decapoda sp.

Decapoda gn.

Decapoda fm.

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Demospongiae sp.

Demospongiae gn.

Demospongiae or.

Demospongiae fm.

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Dendrodorididae sp.

Dendrodorididae gn.

Dendrodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Derbesia tenuissima

Derbesia

Derbesiaceae

Bryopsidales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dercitus sp.

Dercitus

Ancorinidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Desmacellidae sp.

Desmacellidae gn.

Desmacellidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Desmacidon sp.

Desmacidon

Desmacididae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Desmarestia ligulata

Desmarestia

Desmarestiaceae

Desmarestiales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dexamine spiniventris

Dexamine

Dexaminidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Dexamine spinosa

Dexamine

Dexaminidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Diastylis bradyi

Diastylis

Diastylidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dictyopteris polypodioides

Dictyopteris

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dictyota dichotoma

Dictyota

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Dictyota dichotoma intricata

Dictyota

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Didemnum sp.

Didemnum

Didemnidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Diodora graeca

Diodora

Fissurellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Diodora sp.

Diodora

Fissurellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Diogenidae sp.

Diogenidae gn.

Diogenidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 69

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Diphasia margareta

Diphasia

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Diphasia sp.

Diphasia

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Dipolydora armata

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dipolydora caulleryi

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dipolydora coeca

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dipolydora flava

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dipolydora giardi

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dipolydora quadrilobata

Dipolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Diptera (larva)

Diptera gn.

Diptera fm.

Diptera

Insecta

Arthropoda

Diptera sp.

Diptera gn.

Diptera fm.

Diptera

Insecta

Arthropoda

Discodorididae sp.

Discodorididae gn.

Discodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Dodecaceria concharum

Dodecaceria

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dodecaceria sp.

Dodecaceria

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Doridoidea sp.

Doridoidea gn.

Doridoidea fm.

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Doris sp.

Doris

Dorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Doris sticta

Doris

Dorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Doris verrucosa

Doris

Dorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Dorvillea rubrovittata

Dorvillea

Dorvilleidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Doto sp.

Doto

Dotidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Drilonereis filum

Drilonereis

Oenonidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Dynamena pumila

Dynamena

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Dynamena sp.

Dynamena

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Dynamene bidentata

Dynamene

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Dynamene magnitorata

Dynamene

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Dynamene sp.

Dynamene

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Dysidea fragilis

Dysidea

Dysideidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ebalia sp.

Ebalia

Leucosiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Ebalia tuberosa

Ebalia

Leucosiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Echinaster sepositus

Echinaster

Echinasteridae

Spinulosida

Asteroidea

Echinodermata

Predator (22)

Echinoidea sp.

Echinoidea gn.

Echinoidea fm.

Echinoidea or.

Echinoidea

Echinodermata

Ectopleura larynx

Ectopleura

Tubulariidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Elasmopus rapax

Elasmopus

Maeridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Electra pilosa

Electra

Electridae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ellisolandia elongata

Ellisolandia

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Elysia viridis

Elysia

Placobranchidae

Sacoglossa

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Emarginula fissura

Emarginula

Fissurellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Enchytraeidae sp.

Enchytraeidae gn.

Enchytraeidae

Enchytraeida

Clitellata

Annelida

Endeis charybdaea

Endeis

Endeidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Endeis spinosa

Endeis

Endeidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Entoprocta

Pedicellina

Pedicellinidae

Coloniales or.

Coloniales

Entoprocta

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Epitonium clathrus

Epitonium

Ephitoniidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Epizoanthus couchii

Epizoanthus

Epizoanthidae

Zoantharia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Epizoanthus sp.

Epizoanthus

Epizoanthidae

Zoantharia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ericthonius difformis

Ericthonius

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

70 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Ericthonius punctatus

Ericthonius

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Ericthonius sp.

Ericthonius

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Erycina

Lasaeidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Erythroglossum laciniatum

Erythroglossum

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Eteone barbata

Eteone

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eteone flava

Eteone

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eteone longa

Eteone

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eualus cranchii

Thoralus

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Eualus occultus

Eualus

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Eubranchidae sp.

Eubranchidae gn.

Eubranchidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Eubranchus sp.

Eubranchus

Eubranchidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Euchone sp.

Euchone

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eudendrium capillare

Eudendrium

Eudendriidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eudendrium ramosum

Eudendrium

Eudendriidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eudendrium sp.

Eudendrium

Eudendriidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eulalia aurea

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia bilineata

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia expusilla

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia mustela

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia ornata

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia sp.

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia tripunctata

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia venusta

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulalia viridis

Eulalia

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eulimidae sp.

Eulimidae gn.

Eulimidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Eumida minuta

Eumida

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eumida sanguinea

Eumida

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eumida sp.

Eumida

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eunice aphroditois

Eunice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Eunice sp.

Eunice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Eunice vittata

Eunice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Eunicella gazella

Eunicella

Gorgoniidae

Alcyonacea

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eunicella verrucosa

Eunicella

Gorgoniidae

Alcyonacea

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Eunoe nodosa

Eunoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Euphrosine foliosa

Euphrosine

Euphrosinidae

Amphinomida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eupolymnia nebulosa

Eupolymnia

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Eurynome aspera

Eurynome

Majidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Eurynome spinosa

Eurynome

Majidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Eurysyllis tuberculata

Eurysyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Eusiroides dellavallei

Eusiroides

Pontogeneiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Euspira nitida

Euspira

Naticidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Eusyllis assimilis

Eusyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 71

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Eusyllis lamelligera

Eusyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Exogone naidina

Exogone

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Exogone sp.

Exogone

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Fabricia sabella

Fabricia

Fabriciidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Facelina sp.

Facelina

Facelinidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Farrella repens

Farrella

Farrellidae

Ctenostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Felimare cantabrica

Felimare

Chromodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Felimare tricolor

Felimare

Chromodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Felimida purpurea

Felimida

Chromodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Filicrisia geniculata

Filicrisia

Crisiidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Filograna implexa

Filograna

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Fissurellidae sp.

Fisurellidae gn.

Fissurellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Flabellina

Flabellinidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Galathea bolivari

Galathea

Galatheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Galathea intermedia

Galathea

Galatheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Galathea sp.

Galathea

Galatheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Galathea squamifera

Galathea

Galatheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Galathea strigosa

Galathea

Galatheidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Galeomma turtoni

Galeomma

Galeommatidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Gammarella fucicola

Gammarella

Nuuanuidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Gammaridae sp.

Gammaridae gn.

Gammaridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Gammaridea sp.

Gammaridea gn.

Gammaridea fm.

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Gammaropsis maculata

Gammaropsis

Photidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Gammaropsis sp.

Gammaropsis

Photidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Gastroclonium ovatum

Gastroclonium

Champiaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Gastropoda sp.

Gastropoda gn.

Gastropoda fm.

Gastropoda or.

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Gastrosaccus sp.

Gastrosaccus

Mysidae

Mysida

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Gayliella flaccida

Gayliella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gayliella mazoyerae

Gayliella

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gelidium attenuatum

Gelidium

Gelidiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gelidium corneum

Gelidium

Gelidiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gelidium latifolium

Gelidium

Gelidiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gelidium pusillum

Gelidium

Gelidiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gelidium spinosum

Gelidium

Gelidiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Genetyllis nana

Genetyllis

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Genocidaris maculata

Genocidaris

Trigonocidaridae

Camarodonta

Echinoidea

Echinodermata

Grazer (28)

Geodia cydonium

Geodia

Geodiidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Geodiidae sp.

Geodiidae gn.

Geodiidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gibbula sp.

Gibbula

Trochidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Gibbula umbilicalis

Gibbula

Trochidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Glycera lapidum

Glycera

Glyceridae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Glycera tesselata

Glycera

Glyceridae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Gnathia dentata

Gnathia

Gnathiidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Gnathia maxillaris

Gnathia

Gnathiidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

72 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5) Photoautotroph (1)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Gnathia sp.

Gnathia

Gnathiidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Gnathiidae sp.

Gnathiidae gn.

Gnathiidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Goniada emerita

Goniada

Goniadidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Goniodorididae sp.

Goniodorididae gn.

Goniodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Gonothyraea loveni

Gonothyraea

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Grantia compressa

Grantia

Gratiidae

Leucosolenida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Grateloupia filicina

Grateloupia

Halymeniaceae

Halymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gregariella barbata

Gregariella

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gregariella petagnae

Gregariella

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gregariella semigranata

Gregariella

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gregariella sp.

Gregariella

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gymnangium montagui

Gymnangium

Aglaopheniidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Gymnogongrus crenulatus

Gymnogongrus

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gymnogongrus patens

Gymnogongrus

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Gymnothamnion elegans

Gymnothamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Haedropleura septangularis

Haedropleura

Horaiclavidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Halacaridae sp.

Halacaridae gn.

Halacaridae

Chelicerata

Arachnida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Halarachnion sp.

Halarachnion

Furcellariaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Halecium lankesterii

Halecium

Haleciidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halecium mediterraneum

Halecium

Haleciidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halecium pusillum

Halecium

Haleciidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halecium sp.

Halecium

Haleciidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halichondria panicea

Halichondria

Halichondriidae

Halichondrida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Haliclona simulans

Haliclona

Chalinidae

Haplosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Haliclona sp.

Haliclona

Chalinidae

Haplosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Haliclystus salpinx

Haliclystus

Lucernariidae

Stauromedusae

Staurozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Haliotis tuberculata

Haliotis

Haliotidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Halopithys incurva

Halopithys

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Halopterididae sp.

Halopterididae gn.

Halopterididae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halopteris filicina

Halopteris

Stypocaulaceae

Sphacelariales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Halopteris sp.

Halopteris (stypocaulon)

Halopterididae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Halurus equisetifolius

Halurus

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Halurus flosculosus

Halurus

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Haminoea sp.

Haminoea

Haminoeidae

Cephalaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Haplostylus lobatus

Haplostylus

Mysidae

Mysida

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Haplostylus normani

Haplostylus

Mysidae

Mysida

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Haplosyllis sp.

Haplosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Haplosyllis spongicola

Haplosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe areolata

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe extenuata

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe imbricata

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe impar

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe reticulata

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Harmothoe sp.

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 73

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Harmothoe spinifera

Harmothoe

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Hebella scandens

Hebella

Hebellidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hemilepton nitidum

Hemilepton

Lasaeidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Herposiphonia secunda

Herposiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Herposiphonia secunda tenella

Herposiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Herposiphonia sp.

Herposiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Hesione splendida

Hesione

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Heteranomia squamula

Heteranomia

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Heterosiphonia plumosa

Heterosiphonia

Dasyaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Hexapleomera robusta

Hexapleomera

Tanaidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hexapleomera sp.

Hexapleomera

Tanaidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hiatella arctica

Hiatella

Hiatellidae

Euheterodonta

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hiatellidae sp.

Hiatellidae gn.

Hiatellidae

Euheterodonta

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hildenbrandia rubra

Hildenbrandia

Hildenbrandiaceae

Hildenbrandiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Hildenbrandia sp.

Hildenbrandia

Hildenbrandiaceae

Hildenbrandiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Hippolyte garciarasoi

Hippolyte

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Hippolyte leptocerus

Hippolyte

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Hippolyte sp.

Hippolyte

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Hippolyte varians

Hippolyte

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Hippolytidae sp.

Hippolytidae gn.

Hippolytidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Holothuria sp.

Holothuria

Holothuriidae

Aspidochirotida

Holothuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Holothuria tubulosa

Holothuria

Holothuriidae

Aspidochirotida

Holothuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Hyale perieri

Hyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Hyale pontica

Hyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Hyale schmidti

Hyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Hyale sp.

Hyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Hyale stebbingi

Hyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Hydroides sp.

Hydroides

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hymedesmia sp.

Hymedesmia

Hymedesmiidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hymeniacidon perlevis

Hymeniacidon

Halichondriidae

Halichondrida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hymeniacidon sanguinea

Hymeniacidon

Halichondriidae

Halichondrida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Hypoglossum hypoglossoides

Hypoglossum

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Hypselodoris sp.

Hypselodoris

Chromodorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Hypsicomus phaeotaenia

Hypsicomus

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Idmidronea atlantica

Idmidronea

Tubuliporidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Idotea neglecta

Idotea

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Idotea pelagica

Idotea

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Idotea sp.

Idotea

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Inachus sp.

Inachus

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Insecta sp.

Insecta gn.

Insecta fm.

Insecta or.

Insecta

Arthropoda

Iphimedia minuta

Iphimedia

Iphimediidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Iphimedia obesa

Iphimedia

Iphimediidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

74 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Iphimedia sp.

Iphimedia

Iphimediidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Iphinoe sp.

Iphinoe

Bodotriidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Iphinoe trispinosa

Iphinoe

Bodotriidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Irus irus

Irus

Veneridae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ischyrocerus anguipes

Ischyrocerus

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Ischyromene lacazei

Ischyromene

Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Jaera albifrons

Jaera

Janiridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Jaera sp.

Jaera

Janiridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Jaeropsis brevicornis

Jaeropsis

Joeropsididae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Jania rubens

Jania

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Jania virgata

Jania

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Janira maculosa

Janira

Janiridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Janua sp.

Janua

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Jasmineira elegans

Jasmineira

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Jassa falcata

Jassa

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Jassa marmorata

Jassa

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Jassa sp.

Jassa

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Joeropsis brevicornis

Joeropsis

Joeropsididae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Josephella marenzelleri

Josephella

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Jujubinus exasperatus

Jujubinus

Trochidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Kallymenia reniformis

Kallymenia

Kallymeniaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Kefersteinia cirrata

Kefersteinia

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Kellia suborbicularis

Kellia

Kelliidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Kirchenpaueria halecioides

Ventromma

Kirchenpaueriidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Kirchenpaueria pinnata

Kirchenpaueria

Kirchenpaueriidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Kurtiella bidentata

Mysella

Montacutidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laeonereis glauca

Laeonereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Laeospira corallinae

Laeospira

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laomedea calceolifera

Laomedea

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laomedea flexuosa

Laomedea

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laomedea neglecta

Laomedea

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laomedea sp.

Laomedea

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laonice sp.

Laonice

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Lasaea adansoni

Lasaea

Lasaeidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Laurencia obtusa

Laurencia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Leathesia marina

Leathesia

Chordariaceae

Ectocarpales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lembos sp.

Lembos

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Lembos websteri

Lembos

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leodice harassii

Leodice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Leodice torquata

Leodice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Lepidochitona cinerea

Lepidochitona

Lepidochitonidae

Chitonida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Lepidonotus clava

Lepidonotus

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 75

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Lepidopleurus cajetanus

Lepidopleurus

Leptochitonidae

Lepidopleurida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Leptochelia savignyi

Leptochelia

Leptocheliidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leptognathia sp.

Leptognathia

Leptognathiidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leptognathiidae sp.

Leptognathiidae gn. Leptognathiidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leptogorgia sarmentosa

Leptogorgia

Gorgoniidae

Alcyonacea

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leptomysis gracilis

Leptomysis

Mysidae

Mysida

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Leptoplana tremellaris

Leptoplana

Leptoplanidae

Polycladida

Rhabditophora

Platyhelminthes Predator (22)

Leucosolenia sp.

Leucosolenia

Leucosoleniidae

Leucosolenida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leucosolenia variabilis

Leucosolenia

Leucosoleniidae

Leucosolenida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Leucothoe sp.

Leucothoe

Leucothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Leucothoe spinicarpa

Leucothoe

Leucothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Lichenopora sp.

Lichenopora

Lichenoporidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Lichina pygmaea

Lichina

Lichinaceae

Lichinales

Lichinomycetes

Ascomycota

Symbiont contribution (12)

Liljeborgia kinahani

Liljeborgia

Liljeborgiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Liljeborgia pallida

Liljeborgia

Liljeborgiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Lima sp.

Lima

Limidae

Limoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Limaria hians

Limaria

Limidae

Limoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Limaria loscombi

Limaria

Limidae

Limoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Liocarcinus holsatus

Liocarcinus

Polybiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Liocarcinus navigator

Liocarcinus

Polybiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Liocarcinus sp.

Liocarcinus

Polybiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Lithophaga aristata

Lithophaga

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Lithophyllum byssoides

Lithophyllum

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lithophyllum incrustans

Lithophyllum

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lithophyllum tortuosum

Lithophyllum

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Littorina saxatilis

Littorina

Littorinidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Lomentaria articulata

Lomentaria

Lomentariaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lomentaria clavellosa

Lomentaria

Lomentariaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lomentaria ercegovicii

Lomentaria

Lomentariaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lomentaria sp.

Lomentaria

Lomentariaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lophosiphonia reptabunda

Lophosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lophosiphonia sp.

Lophosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Lophozozymus incisus

Lophozozymus

Xanthidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Lucernaria sp.

Lucernaria

Lucernariidae

Stauromedusae

Staurozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Lumbrineriopsis paradoxa

Lumbrineriopsis

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Lumbrineris coccinea

Lumbrineris

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Lumbrineris funchalensis

Lumbrineris

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Lumbrineris latreilli

Lumbrineris

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Lumbrineris sp.

Lumbrineris

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Lyngbya confervoides

Lyngbya

Oscillatoriaceae

Oscillatoriales

Cyanophyceae

Cyanobacteria

Lyngbya sp.

Lyngbya

Oscillatoriaceae

Oscillatoriales

Cyanophyceae

Cyanobacteria

Lysianassa ceratina

Lysianassa

Lysianassinae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Lysianassidae sp.

Lysianassinae gn.

Lysianassinae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

76 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Lysidice collaris

Lysidice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Lysidice hebes

Lysidice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Lysidice ninetta

Lysidice

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Macropodia linaresi

Macropodia

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Macropodia rostrata

Macropodia

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Macropodia sp.

Macropodia

Inachidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Macrura reptantia

Decapoda or.

Decapoda fm.

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Majidae sp.

Majidae gn.

Majidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Maldanidae sp.

Maldanidae gn.

Maldanidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Malmgreniella lunulata

Malmgreniella

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Manayunkia aestuarina

Manayunkia

Fabriciidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Mangelia attenuata

Mangelia

Mangeliidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Mangelia costata

Mangelia

Mangeliidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Mangelia costulata

Mangelia

Mangeliidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Mangelia sp.

Mangelia

Mangeliidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Manzonia crassa

Manzonia

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Marphysa fallax

Marphysa

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Marphysa sanguinea

Marphysa

Eunicidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Marshallora adversa

Marshallora

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Marthasterias glacialis

Marthasterias

Asteriidae

Forcipulatida

Asteroidea

Echinodermata

Predator (22)

Mastocarpus stellatus

Mastocarpus

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Maupasia sp.

Maupasia

Lopadorrhynchidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Mediomastus fragilis

Mediomastus

Capitellidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Mediomastus sp.

Mediomastus

Capitellidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Megatrema anglicum

Megatrema

Pyrgomatidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Melarhaphe neritoides

Melarhaphe

Littorinidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Melitidae sp.

Melitidae gn.

Melitidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Mesochaetopterus sagittarius

Mesochaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mesophyllum lichenoides

Mesophyllum

Hapalidiaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Microcladia glandulosa

Microcladia

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Microcosmus sp.

Microcosmus

Pyuridae

Stolidobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Microdeutopus anomalus

Microdeutopus

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Microdeutopus chelifer

Microdeutopus

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Microdeutopus damnoniensis

Microdeutopus

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Microdeutopus sp.

Microdeutopus

Aoridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Micromaldane ornithochaeta

Micromaldane

Maldanidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Micronereis variegata

Micronereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Mimachlamys varia

Mimachlamys

Pectinidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Modiolula phaseolina

Modiolula

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Modiolus barbatus

Modiolus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mohnia sp.

Mohnia

Buccinidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Detritivore (29)

Monia patelliformis

Monia

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 77

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Monia squama

Monia

Anomiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Monocorophium sextonae

Monocorophium

Corophiidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Monophorus erythrosoma

Monophorus

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Monophorus perversus

Monophorus

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Monophorus sp.

Monophorus

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Monosporus pedicellatus

Monosporus

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Morchellium argus

Morchellium

Polyclinidae

Aplousobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Muricidae sp.

Muricidae gn.

Muricidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Musculus costulatus

Musculus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Musculus discors

Musculus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Musculus subpictus

Musculus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mycale sp.

Mycale

Microcionidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida brachycephala

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida convoluta

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida inermis

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida pinnigera

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida prolifera

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida quindecimdentata

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myrianida rubropunctata

Myrianida

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Myriogramme minuta

Myriogramme

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Myriogramme sp.

Myriogramme

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Mysia undata

Mysia

Veneridae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Mysida sp.

Mysida gn.

Mysida fm.

Mysida or.

Mysida cl.

Arthropoda

Mysta picta

Mysta

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Mystides sp.

Mystides

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Mytilaster minimus

Mytilaster

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mytilaster solidus

Mytilaster

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mytilidae sp.

Mytilidae gn.

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mytilus edulis

Mytilus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Mytilus galloprovincialis

Mytilus

Mytilidae

Mytiloida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Myxicola sp.

Myxicola

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Myxilla incrustans

Myxilla

Myxillidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Myxilla sp.

Myxilla

Myxillidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Naineris laevigata

Naineris

Orbiniidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Nannastacidae sp.

Nannastacidae gn.

Nannastacidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Nannastacus unguiculatus

Nannastacus

Nannastacidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Nannonyx spinimanus

Nannonyx

Lysianassidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Nassarius incrassatus

Nassarius

Nassariidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Scavenger (11)

Nassarius pygmaeus

Nassarius

Nassariidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Scavenger (11)

Nassarius reticulatus

Nassarius

Nassariidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Scavenger (11)

Nassarius sp.

Nassarius

Nassariidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Scavenger (11)

Neanthes nubila

Neanthes

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Neanthes rubicunda

Neanthes

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

78 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Neanthes sp.

Neanthes

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Nebalia strausi

Nebalia

Nebaliidae

Nebaliacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Necora puber

Necora

Polybiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Nemalion helminthoides

Nemalion

Liagoraceae

Nemaliales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Nematoda sp.

Nematoda gn.

Nematoda fm.

Nematoda or.

Nematoda cl.

Nematoda

Nemertea sp.

Nemertea gn.

Nemertea fm.

Nemertea or.

Nemertea cl.

Nemertea

Nemertesia antennina

Nemertesia

Plumulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Neodexiospira pseudocorrugata

Neodexiospira

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Nephasoma sp.

Nephasoma

Golfingiidae

Golfingiida

Sipunculidea

Sipuncula

Omnivore (8)

Nereididae sp.

Nereididae gn.

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Nereimyra punctata

Nereimyra

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Nereiphylla paretti

Nereiphylla

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Nereiphylla rubiginosa

Nereiphylla

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Nereiphylla sp.

Nereiphylla

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Nicolea venustula

Nicolea

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Nitophyllum punctatum

Nitophyllum

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Notomastus sp.

Notomastus

Capitellidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Notophyllum foliosum

Notophyllum

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Nototropis falcatus

Nototropis

Atylidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Nototropis guttatus

Nototropis

Atylidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Nudibranchia sp.

Nudibranchia gn.

Nudibranchia fm.

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Nymphonidae sp.

Nymphonidae gn.

Nymphonidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Obelia bidentata

Obelia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Obelia dichotoma

Obelia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Obelia geniculata

Obelia

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ocenebra erinaceus

Ocenebra

Muricidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Ocinebrina aciculata

Ocenebra

Muricidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Ocnus lacteus

Ocnus

Cucumariidae

Dendrochirotida

Holothuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Odontosyllis ctenostoma

Odontosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Odontosyllis gibba

Odontosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Odontosyllis polycera

Odontosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Odontosyllis sp.

Odontosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Odostomia acuta

Odostomia

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Odostomia lukisi

Odostomia

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Odostomia sp.

Odostomia

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Odostomia unidentata

Odostomia

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Oenonidae sp.

Oenonidae gn.

Oenonidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Oligochaeta sp.

Oligochaeta gn.

Oligochaeta fm.

Oligochaeta or.

Clitellata

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Onchidella celtica

Onchidella

Onchidiidae

Systellommatophora

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Onchidorididae sp.

Onchidorididae gn.

Onchidorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Onchidoris sp.

Onchidoris

Onchidorididae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Ophioderma longicauda

Ophioderma

Ophiodermatidae

Ophiurida

Ophiuroidea

Echinodermata

Predator (22)

Ophiothrix fragilis

Ophiothrix

Ophiotrichidae

Ophiurida

Ophiuroidea

Echinodermata

Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 79

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Ophryotrocha sp.

Ophryotrocha

Opisthobranchia sp. Opisthosyllis sp.

Dorvilleidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Herbivore (10)

Opisthobranchia gn. Opisthobranchia fm.

Opisthobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Opisthosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Oriopsis armandi

Oriopsis

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Orthopyxis everta

Orthopyxis

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Orthopyxis integra

Orthopyxis

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Oscillatoria sp.

Oscillatoria

Oscillatoriaceae

Oscillatoriales

Cyanophyceae

Cyanobacteria

Osmundea pinnatifida

Osmundea

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Ostracoda sp.

Ostracoda gn.

Ostracoda fm.

Ostracoda or.

Ostracoda

Arthropoda

Ostrea edulis

Ostrea

Ostreidae

Ostreoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Ostreidae sp.

Ostreidae gn.

Ostreidae

Ostreoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Otina ovata

Otina

Otinidae

Pulmonata

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Scavenger (11)

Owenia fusiformis

Owenia

Oweniidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5)

Oxydromus

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Oxydromus flexuosus

Oxydromus

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Pachygrapsus marmoratus

Pachygrapsus

Grapsidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Pachymatisma johnstonia

Pachymatisma

Geodiidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pagurus bernhardus

Pagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Pagurus cuanensis

Pagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Pagurus prideaux

Pagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Pagurus sp.

Pagurus

Paguridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Palaemon longirostris

Palaemon

Palaemonidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Paleanotus chrysolepis

Paleanotus

Chrysopetalidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Pandalina brevirostris

Pandalina

Pandalidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Panomya norvegica

Panomya

Hiatellidae

Euheterodonta

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Panopea sp.

Panopea

Hiatellidae

Euheterodonta

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Papillicardium papillosum

Papillacardium

Cardiidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Paracentrotus lividus

Paracentrotus

Parechinidae

Camarodonta

Echinoidea

Echinodermata

Herbivore (10)

Paradoneis lyra

Paradoneis

Paraonidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Paraehlersia ferrugina

Paraehlersia

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Parajassa pelagica

Parajassa

Ischyroceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

Parametopa kervillei

Parametopa

Stenothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Paranthura costana

Paranthura

Paranthuridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Paranthura nigropunctata

Paranthura

Paranthuridae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Parapionosyllis brevicirra

Parapionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Parapionosyllis elegans

Parapionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Parapionosyllis sp.

Parapionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Paratanaidae sp.

Paratanaidea gn.

Paratanaidea

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Parhyale explorator

Parhyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Parougia caeca

Parougia

Dorvilleidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Herbivore (10)

Parthenopoides massena

Parthenopoides

Parhenopidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Patella depressa

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patella intermedia

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

80 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Photoautotroph (1)

Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22) Suspension feeder (2-3) predator (22)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Patella rustica

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patella sp.

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patella ulyssiponensis

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patella vulgata

Patella

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patellidae sp.

Patellidae gn.

Patellidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Patinella radiata

Patinella

Lichenoporidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pawsonia saxicola

Pawsonia

Cucumariidae

Dendrochirotida

Holothuroidea

Echinodermata

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Pedicellina cernua

Pedicellina

Pedicellinidae

Coloniales or.

Coloniales

Entoprocta

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pentapora fascialis

Pentapora

Bitectiporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pereionotus testudo

Pereionotus

Phliantidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Perforatus perforatus

Perforatus

Balanidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Perinereis cultrifera

Perinereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Perinereis marionii

Perinereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Perinereis sp.

Perinereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Perioculodes longimanus

Perioculodes

Oedicerotidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Petricola lithophaga

Petricola

Veneridae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Petrosia ficiformis

Petrosia

Petrosiidae

Haplosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Peyssonnelia atropurpurea

Peyssonnelia

Peyssonneliaceae

Peyssonneliales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Peyssonnelia coriacea

Peyssonnelia

Peyssonneliaceae

Peyssonneliales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Peyssonnelia sp.

Peyssonnelia

Peyssonneliaceae

Peyssonneliales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Peyssonnelia squamaria

Peyssonnelia

Peyssonneliaceae

Peyssonneliales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Phallusia mammillata

Phallusia

Ascidiidae

Phlebobranchia

Ascidiacea

Chordata

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Phascolosoma granulatum

Phascolosoma

Phascolosomatidae

Phascolosomatida

Phascolosomatidea

Sipuncula

Omnivore (8)

Philine quadripartita

Philline

Philinidae

Cephalaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Philine sp.

Philline

Philinidae

Cephalaspidea

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Philocheras fasciatus

Philocheras

Crangonidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Pholadidae sp.

Pholadidae gn.

Pholadidae

Myoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Pholoe inornata

Pholoe

Pholoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Pholoe minuta

Phyllochaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Phorcus lineatus

Phorcus

Trochidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Phoronis sp.

Phoronida gn.

Phoronida fm.

Phoronida or.

Phoronida cl.

Phoronida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Photis longicaudata

Photis

Photidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Phtisica marina

Phtisica

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Phtisica sp.

Phtisica

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Phyllochaetopterus gracilis

Phyllochaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Phyllochaetopterus socialis

Phyllochaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Phyllodoce groenlandica

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodoce laminosa

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodoce maculata

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodoce madeirensis

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodoce mucosa

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodoce sp.

Phyllodoce

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Phyllodocidae sp.

Phyllodocidae gn.

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 81

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Phyllophora crispa

Phyllophora

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Phyllophora pseudoceranoides Phyllophora

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Phyllophora sp.

Phyllophora

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pilumnus hirtellus

Pilumnus

Pilumnidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Pilumnus sp.

Pilumnus

Pilumnidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Pionosyllis anophthalma

Pionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pionosyllis dionisi

Pionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pionosyllis lamelligera

Pionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pionosyllis serratisetosa

Pionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pionosyllis sp.

Pionosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pirimela denticulata

Pirimela

Pirimelidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Detritivore (29)

Pisa armata

Pisa

Epialtidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Pisa nodipes

Pisa

Epialtidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Pisa sp.

Pisa

Epialtidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Pisa tetraodon

Pisa

Epialtidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Pisidia longicornis

Pisidia

Porcellanidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pisidia sp.

Pisidia

Porcellanidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pista cristata

Pista

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Pista sp.

Pista

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Pista unibranchia

Pista

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Plagioecia patina

Plagioecia

Plagioeciidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Plakosyllis brevipes

Plakosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Plakosyllis sp.

Plakosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Platyhelminthes sp.

Platyhelminthes gn. Platyhelminthes fm.

Platyhelminthes or.

Platyhelminthes cl.

Platyhelminthes

Platynereis coccinea

Platynereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Platynereis dumerilii

Platynereis

Nereididae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Pleonosporium

Plenosporium

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pleonosporium borreri

Pleonosporium

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pleonosporium flexuosum

Pleonosporium

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Plocamium cartilagineum

Plocamium

Plocamiaceae

Plocamiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Plocamium raphelisianum

Plocamium

Plocamiaceae

Plocamiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Plumularia obliqua

Plumularia

Plumulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Plumularia setacea

Plumularia

Plumulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Plumulariidae sp.

Plumulariidae gn.

Plumulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Podocerus variegatus

Podocerus

Podoceridae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Podocoryna carnea

Podocoryna

Hydractiniidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pollicipes pollicipes

Pollicipes

Pollicipedidae

Scalpelliformes

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Polyceridae sp.

Polyceridae gn.

Polyceridae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Polycirrus denticulatus

Polycirrus

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Polycirrus sp.

Polycirrus

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Polycirrus tenuisetis

Polycirrus

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Polycyathus muellerae

Polycyathus

Caryophylliidae

Scleractinia

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Polydora ciliata

Polydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3) deposit feeder (4-5)

82 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

Predator (22) omnivore (8) Predator (22) omnivore (8)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Polydora cornuta

Polydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polydora hoplura

Polydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polydora sp.

Polydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polymastia mamillaris

Polymastia

Polymastiidae

Hadromerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Polyneura bonnemaisonii

Polyneura

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Polyneura sp.

Polyneura

Delesseriaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Polynoidae sp.

Polynoidae gn.

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polynoinae sp.

Polynoinae gn.

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polyophthalmus pictus

Polyophthalmus

Opheliidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Polysiphonia atlantica

Polysiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Polysiphonia elongata

Polysiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Polysiphonia furcellata

Polysiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Polysiphonia sp.

Polysiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pontodoridae sp.

Pontodoridae gn.

Pontodoridae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Porifera sp.

Porifera gn.

Porifera fm.

Porifera or.

Porifera cl.

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Potamilla sp.

Potamilla

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Potamilla torelli

Potamilla

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Prionospio cirrifera

Prionospio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Prionospio multibranchiata

Prionospio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Prionospio sp.

Prionospio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Prionospio steenstrupi

Prionospio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Proceraea aurantiaca

Proceraea

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Proceraea picta

Proceraea

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Proceraea sp.

Proceraea

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Procerastea halleziana

Procerastea

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Processa edulis

Processa

Processidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Processa modica

Processa

Processidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Processa nouveli

Processa

Processidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Processa sp.

Processa

Processidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Planktotroph (19)

Prosthiostomum siphunculus

Prosthiostomum

Prosthiostomidae

Polycladida

Rhabditophora

Platyhelminthes Predator (22)

Protula tubularia

Protula

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Psamathe fusca

Psamathe

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Psammechinus miliaris

Psammechinus

Parechinidae

Camarodonta

Echinoidea

Echinodermata

Predator (22)

Pseudamussium sulcatum

Pseudamussium

Pectinidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pseudomystides limbata

Pseudomystides

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pseudopolydora pulchra

Pseudopolydora

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Pseudopotamilla reniformis

Pseudopotamilla

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pseudoprotella phasma

Pseudoprotella

Caprellidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Pterocirrus limbatus

Pterocirrus

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pterocirrus macroceros

Pterocirrus

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pterocirrus sp.

Pterocirrus

Phyllodocidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Pterocladiella capillacea

Pterocladiella

Pterocladiaceae

Gelidiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pterosiphonia ardreana

Pterosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pterosiphonia complanata

Pterosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pterosiphonia parasitica

Pterosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 83

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Pterosiphonia pennata

Pterosiphonia

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pterothamnion crispum

Pterothamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Pterothamnion plumula

Pterothamnion

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ptilothamnion pluma

Ptilothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Punctaria latifolia

Punctaria

Chordariaceae

Ectocarpales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Puncturella noachina

Puncturella

Fissurellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Pycnogonida sp.

Pycnogonida gn.

Pycnogonida fm.

Pycnogonida or.

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Pyramidellidae sp.

Pyramidellidae gn.

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Pyrgoma sp.

Pyrgoma

Pyrgomatidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Pyropia leucosticta

Pyropia

Bangiaceae

Bangiales

Bangiophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ralfsia verrucosa

Ralfsia

Ralfsiaceae

Ralfsiales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Raphitoma linearis

Raphitoma

Raphitomidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Raphitoma purpurea

Raphitoma

Raphitomidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Rhizocaulus verticillatus

Rhizocaulus

Campanulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Rhizoclonium riparium

Rhizoclonium

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhizoclonium sp.

Rhizoclonium

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhizoclonium tortuosum

Rhizoclonium

Cladophoraceae

Cladophorales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhodomelaceae sp.

Rhodomelaceae gn.

Rhodomelaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhodophyllis divaricata

Rhodophyllis

Cystocloniaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhodophysema elegans

Rhodophysema

Rhodophysemataceae

Palmariales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhodymenia pseudopalmata

Rhodymenia

Rhodymeniaceae

Rhodymeniales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Rhynchozoon bispinosum

Rhynchozoon

Phidoloporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Rissoa decorata

Rissoa

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rissoa guerinii

Rissoa

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rissoa lilacina

Rissoa

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rissoa parva

Rissoa

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rissoa sp.

Rissoa

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rissoidae sp.

Rissoidae gn.

Rissoidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Rocellaria dubia

Rocellaria

Gastrochaenidae

Euheterodonta

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabella discifera

Sabella

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabella pavonina

Sabella

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabella sp.

Sabella

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabella spallanzanii

Sabella

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabellaria alveolata

Sabellaria

Sabellariidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabellaria spinulosa

Sabellaria

Sabellariidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sabellidae sp.

Sabellidae gn.

Sabellidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sagartia elegans

Sagartia

Sagartiidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Sagartia sp.

Sagartia

Sagartiidae

Actiniaria

Anthozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Salacia desmoides

Salacia

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Salvatoria clavata

Salvatoria

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Salvatoria limbata

Salvatoria

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Salvatoria sp.

Salvatoria

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Salvatoria yraidae

Salvatoria

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Sarcotragus fasciculatus

Sarcotragus

Irciniidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sarcotragus foetidus

Sarcotragus

Irciniidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

84 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Saxicavella jeffreysi

Saxicavella

Basterotiidae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Scageliopsis patens

Scageliopsis

Ceramiaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Scalarispongia scalaris

Scalarispongia

Thorectidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Schistomeringos rudolphi

Schistomeringos

Dorvilleidae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Herbivore (10)

Schizobrachiella sanguinea

Schizobrachiella

Schizoporellidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Schizomavella sp.

Schizomavella

Bitectiporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Schizoporella errata

Schizoporella

Schizoporellidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Schizoporella sp.

Schizoporella

Schizoporellidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Schizymenia dubyi

Schizymenia

Schizymeniaceae

Nemastomatales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Schottera nicaeensis

Schottera

Phyllophoraceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Sclerocheilus minutus

Sclerocheilus

Scalibregmatidae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Detritivore (29)

Scoletoma fragilis

Scoletoma

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Scoletoma funchalensis

Scoletoma

Lumbrineridae

Eunicida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Scruparia sp.

Scruparia

Scrupariidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Scrupocellaria scrupea

Scrupocellaria

Candidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Scrupocellaria sp.

Scrupocellaria

Candidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Scyllarus sp.

Scyllarus

Scyllaridae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Seirospora interrupta

Seirospora

Callithamniaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Seraphsidae sp.

Seraphsidae gn.

Seraphsidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Serejohyale spinidactylus

Serejohyale

Hyalidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Serpula concharum

Serpula

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Serpula vermicularis

Serpula

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella distans

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella ellisii

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella fusiformis

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella gaudichaudi

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella gayi

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella mediterranea

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella polyzonias

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularella sp.

Sertularella

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertularia distans

Sertularia

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sertulariidae sp.

Sertulariidae gn.

Sertulariidae

Leptothecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Similipecten similis

Similipecten

Propeamussiidae

Pectinoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Simnia sp.

Simnia

Ovulidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Simnia spelta

Simnia

Ovulidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Sipuncula sp.

Sipuncula gn.

Sipuncula fm.

Sipuncula or.

Sipuncula cl.

Sipuncula

Omnivore (8)

Skeneopsis planorbis

Skeneopsis

Skeneopsidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Socarnes erythrophthalmus

Socarnes

Lysianassinae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Grazer (28)

Spatoglossum solieri

Spatoglossum

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Spermothamnion sp.

Spermothamnion

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Sphacelaria sp.

Sphacelaria

Sphacelariaceae

Sphacelariales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Sphaerechinus granularis

Sphaerechinus

Toxopneustidae

Camarodonta

Echinoidea

Echinodermata

Herbivore (10)

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Sphaerococcus

Sphaerococcaceae

Gigartinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Sphaerodorum gracilis

Sphaerodorum

Sphaerodoridae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Sphaeromatidae sp.

Sphaeromatidae gn. Sphaeromatidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 85

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Sphaerosyllis austriaca

Sphaerosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Sphaerosyllis hystrix

Sphaerosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Sphaerosyllis pirifera

Sphaerosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Sphaerosyllis sp.

Sphaerosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Sphondylothamnion multifidum

Sphondylothamnion Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Spio sp.

Spio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Spiochaetopterus costarum

Spiochaetopterus

Chaetopteridae

Sedentaria

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spionidae sp.

Spionidae gn.

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Spirobranchus lamarcki

Spirobranchus

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spirobranchus polytrema

Spirobranchus

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spirobranchus triqueter

Spirobranchus

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spirorbis sp.

Spirorbis

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spongia officinalis

Spongia

Spongiidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spongiidae sp.

Spongiidae gn.

Spongiidae

Dictyoceratida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Spongoclonium caribaeum

Spongoclonium

Wrangeliaceae

Ceramiales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Stauromedusae sp.

Stauromedusae gn.

Stauromedusae fm.

Stauromedusae

Staurozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Stelletta hispida

Stelleta

Ancorinidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stelletta lactea

Stelleta

Ancorinidae

Astrophorida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stenosoma acuminatum

Synisoma

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Stenosoma lancifer

Stenosoma

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Stenothoe eduardi

Stenothoe

Stenothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stenothoe monoculoides

Stenothoe

Stenothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stenothoe tergestina

Stenothoe

Stenothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stenothoidae sp.

Stenothoidae gn.

Stenothoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stiliger sp.

Stiliger

Limapontiidae

Sacoglossa

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Stramonita haemastoma

Stramonita

Muricidae

Neogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Streblosoma bairdi

Streblosoma

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Streblospio shrubsolii

Streblospio

Spionidae

Spionida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Striarca lactea

Striarca

Noetiidae

Arcoida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Stylochus neapolitanus

Stylochus

Stylochoidea

Polycladida

Rhabditophora

Platyhelminthes Predator (22)

Subadyte pellucida

Subadyte

Polynoidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Suberites ficus

Suberites

Suberitidae

Hadromerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Suberites sp.

Suberites

Suberitidae

Hadromerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sunamphitoe pelagica

Sunamphitoe

Ampithoidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Herbivore (10)

Sycon ciliatum

Sycon

Sycettidae

Leucosolenida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Sycon raphanus

Sycon

Sycettidae

Leucosolenida

Calcarea

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Syllidae sp.

Syllidae gn.

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllides fulvus

Syllides

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllides sp.

Syllides

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllidia armata

Syllidia

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Syllis alternata

Syllidia

Hesionidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Syllis amica

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis armillaris

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis columbretensis

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

86 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

M.Zubikarai, A.Borja and I.Muxika Syllis corallicola

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis cornuta

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis gracilis

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis hyalina

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis krohni

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis parapari

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis pectinans

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis pontxioi

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis prolifera

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis rosea

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis sp.

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis variegata

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis vittata

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis vivipara

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Syllis westheidei

Syllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Synchelidium sp.

Synchelidium

Oedicerotidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Synisoma lancifer

Synisoma

Idoteidae

Isopoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Omnivore (8)

Tanaidacea sp.

Tanaidacea gn.

Tanaidacea fm.

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Tanais dulongii

Tanais

Tanaidae

Tanaidacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Tanystylum conirostre

Tanystylum

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Tanystylum orbiculare

Tanystylum

Ammotheidae

Pantopoda

Pycnogonida

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Taonia atomaria

Taonia

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Tectura sp.

Tectura

Lottiidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Tectura virginea

Tectura

Lottiidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Tedania sp.

Tedania

Tedaniidae

Poecilosclerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Terebella lapidaria

Terebella

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Terebellidae sp.

Terebellidae gn.

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Tergipedidae sp.

Tergipedidae gn.

Tergipedidae

Nudibranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Testudinalia testudinalis

Testudinalia

Lottiidae

Patellogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Grazer (28)

Tethya aurantium

Tethya

Tethyidae

Hadromerida

Demospongiae

Porifera

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Thelepus setosus

Thelepus

Terebellidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Omnivore (8)

Thracia distorta

Thracia

Thraciidae

Anomalodesmata

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Thysanozoon brocchii

Thysanozoon

Pseudocerotidae

Polycladida

Rhabditophora

Platyhelminthes Predator (22)

Timarete sp.

Timarete

Cirratulidae

Terebellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Titanoderma pustulatum

Titanoderma

Corallinaceae

Corallinales

Florideophyceae

Rhodophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Tonicella rubra

Tonicella

Mopaliidae

Chitonida

Polyplacophora

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Tornidae sp.

Tornidae gn.

Tornidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Tricolia pullus

Tricolia

Phasianellidae

Vetigastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Herbivore (10)

Triphora sp.

Triphora

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Triphoridae sp.

Triphoridae gn.

Triphoridae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Tritaeta gibbosa

Tritaeta

Dexaminidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Trivia monacha

Trivia

Triviidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Trypanosyllis coeliaca

Trypanosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Trypanosyllis zebra

Trypanosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Tubularia indivisa

Tubularia

Tubulariidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Predator (22)

Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)| 87

Assessment of benthic hard substratum communities Tubularia sp.

Tubularia

Tubulariidae

Anthoathecata

Hydrozoa

Cnidaria

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Tubulipora sp.

Tubulipora

Tubuliporidae

Cyclostomatida

Stenolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Tunicata sp.

Tunicata gn.

Tunicata fm.

Tunicata or.

Tunicata cl.

Chordata

Turbicellepora magnicostata

Turbicellepora

Celleporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Turbicellepora sp.

Turbicellepora

Celleporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Turbonilla rufa

Turbonilla

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Turbonilla sp.

Turbonilla

Pyramidellidae

Heterobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Typton spongicola

Typton

Palaemonidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Predator (22)

Ulva compressa

Ulva

Ulvaceae

Ulvales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ulva prolifera

Ulva

Ulvaceae

Ulvales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ulva rigida

Ulva

Ulvaceae

Ulvales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Ulva sp.

Ulva

Ulvaceae

Ulvales

Ulvophyceae

Chlorophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Unciola crenatipalma

Unciola

Unciolidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Unciola sp.

Unciola

Unciolidae

Amphipoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Upogebia sp.

Upogebia

Upogebiidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Vaunthompsonia cristata

Vaunthomsonia

Bodotriidae

Cumacea

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Velutina velutina

Velutina

Velutinidae

Littorinimorpha

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Deposit feeder (4-5)

Veneridae sp.

Veneridae gn.

Veneridae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Venerupis sp.

Venerupis

Veneridae

Veneroida

Bivalvia

Mollusca

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Vermiliopsis infundibulum

Vermiliopsis

Serpulidae

Sabellida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Verruca stroemia

Verruca

Verrucidae

Sessilia

Maxillopoda

Arthropoda

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Vitreolina philippi

Vitreolina

Eulimidae

Caenogastropoda

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Predator (22)

Watersipora complanata

Watersipora

Watersiporidae

Cheilostomatida

Gymnolaemata

Bryozoa

Suspension feeder (2-3)

Xantho sp.

Xantho

Xanthidae

Decapoda

Malacostraca

Arthropoda

Scavenger (11)

Xenosyllis scabra

Xenosyllis

Syllidae

Phyllodocida

Polychaeta

Annelida

Predator (22)

Zanardinia typus

Zanardinia

Cutleriaceae

Cutleriales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

Zonaria tournefortii

Zonaria

Dictyotaceae

Dictyotales

Phaeophyceae

Ochrophyta

Photoautotroph (1)

88 | Revista de Investigaci贸n Marina, 2014, 21(3)

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