Abstract
Since 2011 we have been documenting seaweed diversity and abundance along a poorly studied area of the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. This first installment focuses on the Chlorophyta. To date, 42 species have been recorded, and we have obtained DNA sequences for most. Although most of these species reportedly have wide distributions along the west coast of North America, others appear to represent new northern or southern records or possible introductions, and a number have yet to be described. New southern limits are recorded for Acrosiphonia sonderi, Acrosiphonia sp., Protomonostroma undulatum, and Ulva pouliotii sp. nov., and new northern records are documented for Ulva expansa, U. stenophylla, and another undescribed species of Ulva. Among species of Cladophoraceae, we obtained a sequence only for Cladophora opaca, a Japanese species not previously recorded from North America, and an undetermined species of Rhizoclonium. We sequenced three species of Derbesia, none of which is D. marina, the currently recognized species for this area; all three require taxonomic treatment. A sequence for a shell-boring species, which is tentatively identified as Eugomontia sacculata, was also obtained. These findings extend our understanding of the diversity and biogeography of green macroalgae in the northeast Pacific.
Funding source: Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2014-06288
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2019-06240
Funding source: Emilie Lindstrom
Funding source: Tula Foundation
About the authors
Sandra C. Lindstrom is an adjunct professor in the Department of Botany, University of British Columbia. She has studied the flora of the northeast Pacific for nearly 50 years, describing many new species and documenting their geographic distributions and phylogenetic relationships.
Matthew A. Lemay is a Research Scientist at the Hakai Institute in British Columbia, Canada. His interests are in the use of genomic approaches to study biodiversity. Key areas of research include DNA barcoding, marine microbial ecology, and the use of environmental DNA to quantify the biodiversity of marine ecosystems.
Samuel Starko was a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia during these field surveys. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Victoria. His research focuses on understanding how marine species respond to environmental drivers over ecological and evolutionary timescales.
Katharine R. Hind is a Senior Laboratory Instructor at the University of Victoria. She completed a PhD and post-doctoral studies examining the evolutionary relationships of coralline algae using molecular phylogenetic techniques. She continues to use DNA barcoding to identify and describe new species and more recently incorporates the use of historical DNA to apply accurately species names. Katy teaches courses in evolution, biodiversity, and marine botany at the University of Victoria and the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre on Vancouver Island.
Patrick T. Martone is a marine phycologist and professor in the Botany Department at the University of British Columbia. His research program focuses on seaweed diversity, ecology, biomechanics, and evolution. He teaches algae courses at UBC and the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre.
Acknowledgments
We thank Hakai Institute, Tula Foundation, particularly Eric Peterson and Christina Munck, for inviting us to Calvert Island and hosting us there. We are grateful for the Heiltsuk Nation and Wuikinuxv Nation for their stewardship of their land and water, and for their commitment to biodiversity on Calvert Island. We also thank the students and others who helped us with these collections, notably Laura Anderson, Kyra Janot, Lauran Liggan and the divers who participated in the 2017 Bioblitz and collected seaweeds for us: Neha Acharya-Patel, Aaron Galloway, Kyle Hall, Andy Lamb, Derek van Mannen, Zach Monteith, Angelene Olsen, Gustav Paulay, Ondine Pontier, Tanya Prinzing, and Matt Whalen. We thank Keith Holmes for preparing the map in Figure 1. Communications with Jeffery Hughey and Charley O’Kelly are gratefully acknowledged.
[Correction added after online publication 18 August 2021: Acknowledgements section has been updated].
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: We are grateful to Emilie Lindstrom† and the Tula Foundation for providing funds for sequencing and other laboratory expenses. The Tula Foundation also covered all field expenses, including travel. Additional funding was provided by NSERC Discovery grants (RGPIN 2014-06288, 2019-06240) to PTM.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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